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. 2013 Feb 4;8:111–122. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S27105

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overlapping mechanisms of anemia in heart failure.

© Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Adapted with permission from Alexandrakis MG, Tsirakis G. International Scholarly Research Network. Hematology. 2012.30

Abbreviations: EPO, epoetin; IL-6, interleukin-6; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; TNF-á, tumor necrosis alpha.