Table 4.
Study | Follow-up | n | Patients | End points | Major exclusion criteria | ESA therapy | Target Hgb | Study design |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parissis et al65 | 3 months | 32 | NYHA II–III LVEF < 40% Hgb < 12.5 g/dL | Exercise capacity Echocardiographic LV and RV evaluation | sCr > 2.5 mg/dL | Darbepoetin alfa | 14.0 g/dL | Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study |
Ghali et al63 | 1 year | 319 | NYHA ll–IV LVEF < 40% Hgb < 12.5 g/dL | Change in exercise time NYHA class, mortality HF hospitalization | sCr > 3.0 mg/dL | Dacarbepoetin alfa | 14.0 g/dL | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study |
Van Veldhuisen et al67 | 26 weeks | 165 | Symptomatic HF LVEF < 40% Hgb 9.0–12.5 g/dL | Hgb increase, 6-minute walk distance, safety | sCr > 3.0 mg/dL | Darbepoetin alfa | 14.0 g/dL | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study |
Ponikowski et al62 | 26 weeks | 41 | Symptomatic CHF LVEF < 40% Hgb 9–12 g/dL | Exercise tolerance and duration, NYHA, BNP, hospitalization | Blood transfusion or ESA within 12 weeks sCr > 3.0 mg/dL | Darbepoetin alfa | Hgb 13.0–15.0 g/dL | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study |
Mancini et al61 | 3 months | 23 | NYHA III/IV Ht < 35% | Exercise performance | Non-ambulatory patients, continuous inotropic agents, iron deficiency anemia sCr > 2.5 mg/dL | Erythropoietin alfa | Ht > 45% | Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study |
Palazzuoli et al66 | 3 months | 38 | NYHA III/IV Hgb < 11 g/dL | NYHA class, exercise capacity, renal function, O2 use, BNP | Secondary causes of anemia, isolated diastolic HF, < 12 weeks Ml sCr > 5.0 mg/dL | Erythropoietin beta | Hgb 11.5–12.0 g/dL | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study |
Silverberg et al70 | 8.2 months | 32 | LVEF < 40% Hgb 10–11.5 g/dL | Days of hospitalization | Secondary causes of anemia | Erythropoietin | 12.5 g/dL | Randomized, open-label, single-center study |
Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; ESA, erythropoietin-stimulating agent; Hgb, hemoglobin; HF, heart failure; ht, hematocrit; Ml, myocardial infarction; sCr, serum creatinine; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricular.