Figure 3.

Effect of S. Typhi infection on cell viability. LDH levels were measured in the apical media as an index of cell death. Values represent LDH release as a percentage of total LDH (positive control, Triton X-100). (A) LDH levels after infection with wild-type S. Typhi and its aro mutants at different MOI’s. (B) LDH release after infection with wild-type S. Typhi and Ty21a applied at a MOI of 4000:1. Data are expressed as means ± SEM for triplicate samples for all conditions tested. These results are representative of three experiments with similar results. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 compared to uninfected cells (ANOVA).