Table 1.
Clinical characteristics [mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated] and univariate associations between pre- and postnatal variables and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
| Clinical characteristic variable | No BPD (n = 50) | BPD (n = 58) | Odds ratio variable | BPD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | ||||
| GA at birth (weeks) | 28.7 (1.9) | 25.9 (1.5) | GA at birth (weeks) | 0.43 | 0.32–0.58*** |
| BW (BW) (g) | 1196 (341) | 815 (210) | BW (50 g increment) | 0.78 | 0.71–0.86*** |
| BW SDS | −1.2 (1.3) | −1.1 (1.4) | BW SDS | 1.05 | 0.79–1.39 |
| Weight SDS 36 weeks | −1.8 (1.09) | −2.0 (1.1) | Weight SDS 36 weeks PMA | 1.44 | 0.67–3.14 |
| Apgar score 5 min med (range) | 9 (5–10) | 7 (2–10) | Apgar score 5 min | 0.59 | 0.45–0.77*** |
| Males, n (%) | 20 (40) | 36 (62) | Male gender | 2.46 | 1.13–5.33** |
| SGA, n (%) | 10 (20) | 16 (28) | SGA | 1.52 | 0.62–3.75 |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) | 14 (29) | 9 (16) | Preeclampsia | 0.47 | 0.18–1.20 |
| PROM (>24h), n (%) | 11 (20) | 12 (21) | PROM (>24h) | 0.92 | 0.36–2.32 |
| NEC, n (%) | 2 (4) | 2 (3) | NEC | 0.87 | 0.12–6.32 |
| IVH, n (%) | 2 (4) | 11 (19) | IVH | 5.62 | 1.18–26.71** |
| PDA, n (%) | 8 (16) | 24 (41) | PDA | 3.71 | 1.49–9.29** |
| ROP treated, n (%) | 2 (4) | 10 (17) | ROP treatment | 1.43 | 1.02–2.02** |
| Ventilator, n (%) | 12 (24) | 46 (100) | Ventilator | 8.15 | 3.41–19.44*** |
| Ventilator (days) med (range) | 0 (0–17) | 5 (0–100) | Ventilator (days) | 1.17 | 1.08–1.28*** |
| Antenatal Steroid n (%) | 42 (84) | 58 (100) | Antenatal steroid treatment | 0.67 | 0.16–2.83 |
| Postnatal steroids n (%) | 4 (8) | 24 (41) | Postnatal steroid treatment | 8.12 | 2.57–25.58*** |
GA = gestational age; SGA = small for gestational age; PROM = premature rupture of membrane; NEC = necrotizing enterocolitis; IVH = intraventricular haemorrhage; PDA = patent ductus arteriosus; ROP = retinopathy of prematurity treated; BW, birth weight.
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.05.