Table 3.
Multivariate Trends in the Availability of Hospice Services Among Pediatric Hospice Providers, (N=459)
| Core Hospice Services | Noncore Hospice Services | Other Hospice Services | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| IRR(95%CI) | P-value | IRR(95%CI) | P-value | IRR(95%CI) | P-value | |
| Study Years | ||||||
| 2002 | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | |||
| 2003 | 0.874 (0.784–0.971) | 0.012* | 0.952 (0.851–1.066) | 0.397 | 1.090 (0.891–1.334) | 0.399 |
| 2004 | 0.889 (0.793–0.995) | 0.041* | 0.965 (0.854–1.091) | 0.571 | 0.929 (0.720–1.199) | 0.571 |
| 2005 | 0.987 (0.895–1.088) | 0.792 | 1.048 (0.959–1.145) | 0.303 | 0.944 (0.749–1.190) | 0.625 |
| 2006 | 0.998 (0.905–1.100) | 0.972 | 1.035 (0.941–1.138) | 0.482 | 0.879 (0.713–1.084) | 0.227 |
| 2007 | 1.069 (0.989–01.156) | 0.093 | 1.086 (0.989–1.192) | 0.084 | 0.979 (0.794–1.207) | 0.840 |
| 2008 | 1.130 (1.038–1.230) | 0.005** | 1.117 (1.013–1.231) | 0.027* | 1.261 (1.005–1.583) | 0.046* |
| Control Variables | ||||||
| Affiliation | ||||||
| Freestanding | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | |||
| Hospital based | 0.929 (0.813–1.061) | 0.277 | 0.982 (0.828–1.137) | 0.809 | 0.743 (0.512–1.078) | 0.117 |
| Home-health based | 1.003 (0.921–1.092) | 0.945 | 1.124 (1.029–1.229) | 0.009** | 0.901 (0.710–1.144) | 0.392 |
| Long-term care based | 1.393 (1.129–1.718) | 0.002** | 1.131 (0.985–1.298) | 0.080 | 1.674 (0.818–3.427) | 0.158 |
| Service Area | ||||||
| Urban | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | |||
| Rural | 1.145 (1.015–1.293) | 0.028* | 1.001 (0.865–1.159) | 0.988 | 1.522 (1.059–2.187) | 0.023* |
| Mixed | 0.962 (0.858–1.079) | 0.512 | 0.868 (0.775–0.972) | 0.014* | 1.038 (0.775–1.390) | 0.804 |
| Ownership | ||||||
| Profit | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | |||
| Nonprofit | 1.020 (0.920–1.131) | 0.700 | 1.122 (1.016–1.238) | 0.023* | 1.267 (0.940–1.712) | 0.119 |
| Organization Size | ||||||
| Large | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | |||
| Medium | 0.916 (0.828–1.015) | 0.093 | 0.904 (0.832–0.982) | 0.017* | 0.705 (0.538–0.924) | 0.011* |
| Small | 0.896 (0.759–1.059) | 0.199 | 0.780 (0.674–0.903) | 0.001** | 0.452 (0.391–0.680) | 0.001** |
| Competition | 0.937 (0.796–1.104) | 0.439 | 0.806 (0.686–0.947) | 0.009** | 0.500 (0.320–0.782) | 0.002** |
| Per capita income | 0.999 (0.995–1.003) | 0.498 | 0.998 (0.995–1.002) | 0.345 | 1.000 (0.990–1.009) | 0.931 |
| Unemployment | 0.982 (0.960–1.004) | 0.116 | 0.968 (0.949–0.988) | 0.002** | 0.871 (0.810–0.937) | 0.001** |
| Child Age | ||||||
| Less than 1 year | 1.012 (0.954–1.074) | 0.694 | 1.006 (0.943–1.072) | 0.862 | 0.904 (0.778–1.051) | 0.187 |
| 2–5 years of age | 0.974 (0.917–1.033) | 0.378 | 0.978 (0.930–1.028) | 0.382 | 1.017 (0.880–1.177) | 0.816 |
| 6–10 years of age | 1.103 (1.039–1.170) | 0.001** | 1.013 (0.957–1.073) | 0.640 | 0.986 (0.876–1.109) | 0.811 |
| 11–20 years of age | 1.024 (0.959–1.094) | 0.479 | 1.014 (0.954–1.079) | 0.652 | 0.911 (0.780–1.039) | 0.163 |
Note. IRR = incident rate ratio. CI = confidence interval.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01