Table 2.
Examples of X-ray scintillators
| Scintillator | Decay time (ns) |
Maximum Emission Wavelength (nm) |
Conversion efficiency (visible photons/MeV) |
Hygroscopicity | Density g/cm3 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CsI:Tl | 800 | 550 | 66,000 | Yes | 4.51 | 161–163 |
| CsI:Na | 630 | 425 | 49,000 | Yes | 4.51 | 164–165 |
| NaI:Tl | 230 | 415 | 44,000 | Yes | 3.67 | 161–162, 165 |
| LiI:Eu | 1,200 | 475 | 15,000 | Yes | 4.08 | 166–167 |
| LaBr3:Ce | 35 | 358 | 61,000 | Yes | 5.3 | 168 |
| K2LaI5: Ce | 24 | 420 | 55,000 | Yes | 4.4 | 169 |
| CaF2:Eu | ~1,000 | 435 | 24,000 | No | 3.18 | 161, 170 |
| SrI2:Ce,Na | 27 (25%), 450 (75%) | 404 | 16,000 | Yes | 4.59 | 171 |
| SrI2:Eu | 1,200 | 435 | 120,000 | Yes | 4.59 | 171 |
| BaFBr:Eu | 800 | 390 | 60,000 | Yes | 4.56 | 172–173 |
| LaOBr:Tb | ~1000,000 | 425 | 67,000 | Yes | 6.3 | 174–175 |
| LaOBr:Tm | ~1000,000 | 374, 472 | 6,0000 | Yes | 6.1 | 156 |
| ZnS:Ag | 1,200 | 450 | 49,000 | No | 3.9 | 176 |
| M’-YTaO4 | 3,000 | 337 | 40,000 | No | 7.5 | 156, 173 |
| M’-YTaO4:Nb | ~2,000 | 410 | 40,000 | No | 7.5 | 177–178 |
| BaHfO3:Ce | 25 | 400 | 40,000 | No | 8.5 | 175, 179 |
| Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) | 300 | 480 | 9,000 | No | 7.1 | 161, 180 |
| CaWO4 | 8,000 | 425 | 15,800 | No | 6.1 | 181–182 |
| CdWO4 | 5,000 | 495 | 20,000 | No | 7.9 | 183 |
| YAlO3:Ce | 24 | 360 | 20,100 | No | 5.35 | 184–185 |
| Y3Al5O12:Ce | 90~120 | 550 | 16,700 | No | 4.55 | 161–162, 186 |
| LuAlO3:Ce | 18 | 365 | 12,000 | No | 8.34 | 175, 187 |
| Lu3Al5O12:Ce | 55 | 530 | 12,500 | No | 6.7 | 188–189 |
| Lu2SiO5:Ce | 30 | 425 | 33,000 | No | 7.4 | 190 |
| Lu2O3:Tb,Eu | ~1,000 | 612 | 30,000 | No | 9.4 | 191 |
| Gd2O3:Eu | ~1,000 | 612 | 40,000 | No | 5.91 | 172, 192 |
| Gd2O2S:Eu | ~1000,000 | 623 | 60,000 | No | 7.3 | 193 |
| Gd2O2S:Tb | ~1000,000 | 545 | 60,000 | No | 7.3 | 179 |
| Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F | 3,000 | 510 | 48,000 | No | 7.3 | 179 |
| Gd3Ga5O12:Cr,Ce | 140,000 | 730 | 40,000 | No | 7.1 | 178, 194 |
| Gd2SiO5:Ce | 60 | 430 | 8,000 | No | 6.7 | 195–196 |