Ballism/chorea |
Acute |
STn, caudate, putamen, thalamus |
Dopamine receptor antagonists, tetrabenazine, clonazepam, diazepam, topiramate, botulinum toxin, functional neurosurgery |
Chorea |
Acute |
Putamen, STn, caudate, cortex |
Dopamine receptor antagonists, clonazepam, diazepam, botulinum toxin, functional neurosurgery |
Dystonia |
Delayed |
Putamen, caudate, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain |
Anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, baclofen, tetrabenazine, botulinum toxin, functional neurosurgery |
Myoclonus |
Acute |
Hemispheres, basal ganglia, midbrain, pons, spinal cord, post-anoxic |
Clonazepam, valproate, piracetam, levitiracetam |
Asterixis |
Acute |
Thalamus, frontal lobes, basal ganglia, midbrain, cerebellum |
Clonazepam, valproate, piracetam, levitiracetam |
Holmes' tremor |
Acute |
Brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus |
Levodopa, clonazepam, propranolol, valproate, levitiracetam, functional neurosurgery |
Palatal tremor |
Delayed |
Triangle of Guillain–Mollaret |
Botulinum toxin, sumatriptan, oxitriptan, carbamazepine, clonazepam |
Tics |
Acute |
Basal ganglia, frontal lobe |
Alpha-agonists, dopamine receptor antagonists |
Vascular Parkinsonism |
Delayed |
subcortex |
Levodopa, dopamine agonists |