Figure 4.

Variation in defense hormone distribution among different sections of an herbivore-damaged leaf. One S. littoralis larva was enclosed for seven hours on the middle of the second fully expanded leaf of maize variety Delprim. For plant hormone analysis, the leaves were divided into three equal parts (tip, middle, base) and hormones were extracted from tissue powder and analyzed by LC-MS. Data are means of four replications ± SE. Different letters indicate statistical significance between damaged and control plants for the tip, middle, and the base of one leaf.