Forced expression of IL-15 by adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells enhances their in vivo antitumor function. (A) FACS analysis for surface expression of CD122 (IL-2 and IL-15Rβ) and CD44 on CD8+ T cells derived from a pmel-IL-15 double Tg mouse or an age-matched pmel-1 single Tg littermate. Percentages shown represent the percentage of gated cells within the respective quadrant. Results from one representative experiment are shown after gating on propidium iodide-negative and CD8+ T cells. (B) WT mice were inoculated with s.c. B16 melanoma, and 14 d later they received adoptive transfer of 5 × 106 pmel-1 or pmel-IL-15 splenocytes, rFPhgp100 vaccination, and exogenous IL-2 (36 μg per dose) or were left untreated as controls. In addition to tumor size, groups that received pmel-IL-15 splenocytes, rFPhgp100, and IL-2 survived significantly longer (P = 0.0016) compared with groups that received pmel-1 splenocytes, rFPhgp100, and IL-2 (data not shown). Data shown are representative of four independent experiments.