Table 4.

Association of general safety and specific safety components with leisure-time walking and -cycling

	Odds ratio (95% CI)
	Model 1 (age, gender, ethnicity, household comp.)	Model 2 (+education, income, wealth)	Model 3 (+population density)
Leisure-time walking
General safety	0.96 (0.86 – 1.08)	0.95 (0.85 – 1.06)	0.92 (0.81 – 1.05)
Physical disorder	0.94 (0.86 – 1.03)	0.94 (0.86 – 1.03)	0.90 (0.81 – 1.01)
Social disorder	0.94 (0.84 – 1.04)	0.95 (0.85 – 1.05)	0.92 (0.82 – 1.04)
Crime-related fear	0.98 (0.90 – 1.06)	0.98 (0.90 – 1.06)	0.97 (0.88 – 1.06)
Traffic safety	1.02 (0.95 – 1.09)	1.00 (0.94 – 1.07)	1.00 (0.93 – 1.06)
Leisure-time cycling
General safety	1.50 (1.34 – 1.68)*	1.42 (1.27 – 1.59)*	1.40 (1.23 – 1.60)*
Physical disorder	1.34 (1.22 – 1.47)*	1.28 (1.17 – 1.41)*	1.27 (1.14 – 1.42)*
Social disorder	1.31 (1.18 – 1.46)*	1.27 (1.14 – 1.41)*	1.22 (1.08 – 1.37)*
Crime–related fear	1.29 (1.19 – 1.40)*	1.26 (1.16 – 1.37)*	1.23 (1.12 – 1.35)*
Traffic safety	1.13 (1.05 – 1.20)*	1.10 (1.04 – 1.18)*	1.09 (1.02 – 1.17)*
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
Leisure-time walking	0.00 (0.00 – 0.04)	0.00 (0.00 – 0.62)	0.00 (0.00 – 0.99)
Leisure-time cycling	0.01 (0.01 – 0.02)*	0.01 (0.00 – 0.02)*	0.01 (0.00 – 0.02)*

* p≤0.05.