Table 2. Effect of IUGR and neonatal exendin-4 on insulin action in lambs.
| CON | IUGR+Veh | IUGR+Ex-4 | Significance (treatment effect) | |
| Number of animals | 7 | 8 | 8 | |
| Fasting | ||||
| Plasma glucose (mmol.L−1) | 6.47±0.26 | 6.40±0.11 | 5.81±0.12*? | 0.008 |
| Plasma insulin (mU.L−1) | 20.4±6.0 | 15.4±2.2 | 16.4±2.2 | NS |
| Plasma insulin:glucose (mU.mmol−1) | 3.30±1.11 | 2.40±0.35 | 2.83±0.38 | NS |
| AUC glucose (mmol.min.L−1) | ||||
| Total | 62±6 | 56±3 | 143±28*? | 0.003 |
| 1st phase | 60.9±5.4 | 54.8±2.9 | 86.2±5.7*? | <0.001 |
| 2nd phase | 1±1 | 1±1 | 57±24*? | 0.017 |
| AUC insulin (mU.min.L−1) | ||||
| Total | 587±184 | 590±181 | 863±178 | NS |
| 1st phase | 499±133 | 579±180 | 650±128 | NS |
| 2nd phase | 88±61 | 12±6 | 213±119 | NS |
| AUC insulin:AUC glucose (mU.mmol−1) | ||||
| Total | 10.8±4.3 | 10.9±3.6 | 7.6±1.9 | NS |
| 1st phase | 8.9±2.8 | 10.7±3.5 | 7.8±1.6 | NS |
| 2nd phase | 26.5±25.9 | 0.3±0.3 | 9.6±2.8 | NS |
| Insulin sensitivity (mg.L.mU−1.kg−1.min−1) | 0.097±0.010 | 0.100±0.011 | 0.047±0.009*? | 0.003 |
| Basal IDI (mg.mL.kg−2.min−2) | 69.7±31.2 | 39.5±5.5 | 28.4±10.0 | NS |
| Maximal IDI (mg.mL.kg−2.min−2) | 138±28 | 119±27 | 97±37 | NS |
Glucose and insulin AUC were measured during an IVGTT (0.25 g glucose.kg−1) at d 14. 1st and 2nd phase values for insulin and glucose were measured from 0–30 and from 30–210 minutes after glucose administration, respectively. Insulin sensitivity was measured during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (2 mU insulin.kg-1.min−1) at d 12. NS: P>0.1, * different from CON (P<0.05), ? different from IUGR+Veh (P<0.05).