Figure 2. Cytotoxic effect of CpdA in transformed lymphoid cell lines and primary leukemia patient cells. CEM-shEV, CEM-shGR, NCEB-shEV and NCEB-shGR were treated with solvent (control), Dex or CpdA for 48 h, and the effect on cell growth (A) was estimated by cell counting. The effect on apoptosis (B) was determined by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining (the amount of cells in sub-G₁-phase was calculated as percentage to all cells in sample) and by western blot analysis of cleaved PARP level. Membranes were probed with anti-HDAC-1 antibodies to verify the equal protein loading. Image digitizing and quantitative analysis of GR:HDAC-1 normalized expression were performed by the Odyssey v1.2 software. (C) Primary leukemia cells from four different T-ALL patients at acute stage of disease were treated with solvent (Control), Dex and CpdA for 48 h, and the growth was estimated by cell counting. (A–C) *Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)—between Dex (or CpdA)—and solvent-treated cells. Note: (1) Effect of both GR ligands CpdA and Dex on transformed lymphoma cells growth depends on GR; (2) CpdA and Dex induced comparable cytoxic effect in primary T-ALL patient cells.