Fig. 3.

Effects of adenovirus-induced hyperleptinemia on epididymal white fat tissue. (A) Effect of adenovirus-induced hyperleptinemia on the mRNA of genes normally expressed at high levels in mature white adipocytes [adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP₂) and leptin] and on genes normally expressed at high levels only in brown adipocytes (BAT). mRNA is expressed as fold change from 0 time. (0 time: n = 4; 7 days: n = 4; 10 days: n = 3; 14 days: n = 3.) *, P < 0.05; ‡, P < 0.01. (B) Effect of adenovirus-induced hyperleptinemia on the total AMPK and Thr-172-phosphorylated α-subunit of AMPK and the total ACC and the Ser-79-phosphorylated ACCα and -β. We assume that it is largely the β isoenzyme, because ACCα mRNA was so strongly down-regulated (see below). Phosphorylation inactivates ACC and activates AMPK. (C) Effect of hyperleptinemia on mRNA of key lipogenic enzymes ACCα, ACCβ, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), and glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT) expressed as fold change at 7, 10, and 14 days after treatment. *, P < 0.05; ‡, P < 0.01. (D) Immunoblotting showing effects of hyperleptinemia on mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c oxidase IV subunit 5b and UCP-1 and -2.