Table 2.

Mean Roland Disability Questionnaire and symptom bothersomeness scores and pairwise comparisons by treatment group and time since randomization

	Mean (95% CI)				Between-Group Differences
Primary Outcomes	Structural Massage	Relaxation Massage	Usual Care	Omnibus p-value‡	Structural-Usual Care	Relaxation-Usual Care	Structural-Relaxation
Adjusted analysis§
Roland Disability Questionnaire
10 weeks	6.5 (5.8, 7.2)	6 (5.3, 6.8)	9 (8.2, 9.8)	<0.001	-2.5 (-3.5, -1.4)	-2.9 (-4, -1.8)	0.5 (-0.5, 1.5)
26 weeks	6.7 (6, 7.5)	6.4 (5.5, 7.2)	8.2 (7.3, 9)	0.007	-1.4 (-2.6, -0.3)	-1.8 (-3, -0.6)	0.4 (-0.8, 1.5)
52 weeks	7.2 (6.4, 7.9)	6 (5.2, 6.9)	7.4 (6.6, 8.3)	0.049	-0.3 (-1.4, 0.9)	-1.4 (-2.6, -0.2)	1.1 (0.02, 2.2)
Bothersomeness
10 weeks	3.8 (3.5, 4.2)	3.5 (3.2, 3.9)	5.2 (4.8, 5.6)	<.001	-1.4 (-1.9, -0.8)	-1.7 (-2.2, -1.2)	0.3 (-0.2, 0.8)
26 weeks	4.2 (3.9, 4.5)	4.3 (3.9, 4.7)	4.6 (4.2, 5)	0.31	--	--	--
52 weeks	4.6 (4.2, 5)	3.9 (3.5, 4.3)	4.2 (3.8, 4.6)	0.097	--	--	--

^‡Wald p-value.

^§Estimates adjusted for baseline value of outcome, age group, sex, baseline Roland Disability Questionnaire and bothersomeness score, education, body mass index, physical work demands, original cause of pain, days cut down on usual activities and medication use.

Note: Between group comparisons were only calculated if the omnibus p-value was <0.05 following the Least Significant Difference approach to control for multiple comparisons.