Table 2.
Adjusted mean differences in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) by nativity/length of US residence and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) period, Mexican-Americans
| Men
|
Women
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI
|
WC
|
BMI
|
WCa
|
|||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Mean difference by nativity/length of US residence | ||||||||
| 1988–1994 | ||||||||
| US born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Foreign born: ≥10 years | −1.30 (0.31)b | −1.33 (0.33)b | −3.01 (0.79)b | −3.39 (0.83)b | −0.57 (0.57) | −1.18 (0.61) | −0.88 (1.09) | −2.02 (1.16) |
| Foreign born: <10 years | −1.97 (0.28)b | −2.00 (0.29)b | −6.18 (0.74)b | −6.59 (0.76)b | −0.75 (0.39) | −1.45 (0.44)b | −1.59 (0.83) | −2.89 (0.90)b |
| 1999–2004 | ||||||||
| US born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Foreign born: ≥10 years | −0.54 (0.64) | −0.61 (0.63) | −1.31 (1.60) | −1.84 (1.63) | −0.94 (0.59) | −1.60 (0.54)b | −2.39 (1.52) | −3.69 (1.33)b |
| Foreign born: <10 years | −1.92 (0.63)b | −2.08 (0.65)b | −5.89 (1.77)b | −6.63 (1.84)b | −0.90 (0.90) | −1.75 (0.91) | −1.94 (1.47) | −3.62 (1.49)c |
| 2005–2008 | ||||||||
| US born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Foreign born: ≥10 years | −1.48 (0.49)b | −1.65 (0.53)b | −4.32 (1.29)b | −5.13 (1.34)b | −0.20 (0.57) | −1.03 (0.50)c | −1.84 (1.24) | −3.49 (1.12)b |
| Foreign born: <10 years | −3.19 (0.63)b | −3.36 (0.64)b | −8.92 (1.80)b | −9.81 (1.80)b | −0.80 (0.46) | −1.48 (0.51)b | −1.79 (1.09) | −3.12 (1.30)c |
| Mean difference across time period | ||||||||
| US born | ||||||||
| 1988–1994 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1999–2004 | 0.55 (0.62) | 0.64 (0.61) | 1.87 (1.56) | 2.18 (1.53) | 0.92 (0.57) | 1.29 (0.57)b | 2.45 (1.40) | 3.25 (1.34)c |
| 2005–2008 | 2.06 (0.59)b | 2.22 (0.59)b | 5.93 (1.59)b | 6.51 (1.60)b | 0.78 (0.64) | 1.20 (0.63) | 3.71 (1.24)b | 4.59 (1.24)b |
| Foreign born: ≥10 years | ||||||||
| 1988–1994 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1999–2004 | 1.34 (0.34)b | 1.36 (0.34)b | 3.57 (0.88)b | 3.73 (0.89)b | 0.55 (0.61) | 0.87 (0.63) | 0.94 (1.38) | 1.57 (1.42) |
| 2005–2008 | 1.88 (0.48)b | 1.90 (0.48)b | 4.62 (1.35)b | 4.76 (1.38)b | 1.15 (0.63) | 1.35 (0.63)b | 2.74 (1.37)c | 3.12 (1.39)c |
| Foreign born: <10 years | ||||||||
| 1988–1994 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1999–2004 | 0.59 (0.52) | 0.56 (0.52) | 2.17 (1.45) | 2.14 (1.42) | 0.77 (1.06) | 0.99 (1.03) | 2.11 (1.70) | 2.52 (1.67) |
| 2005–2008 | 0.84 (0.51) | 0.86 (0.53) | 3.19 (1.62) | 3.28 (1.67) | 0.73 (0.82) | 1.17 (0.79) | 3.52 (1.67)c | 4.36 (1.63)b |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Completed high school | 0.31 (0.35) | 0.30 (0.89) | −0.98 (0.50) | −1.66 (1.00) | ||||
| More than high school | −0.46 (0.38) | −2.06 (0.96)c | −2.15 (0.58)b | −4.25 (1.23)b | ||||
| p-interaction (nativity/length of residence × period) | 0.2671 | 0.2338 | 0.539 | 0.4164 | 0.9372 | 0.9615 | 0.9084 | 0.8205 |
Model 1 adds age, age2, nativity/length of US residence, NHANES period, and interactions between age and period, and nativity/length of US residence and period. Model 2 further adjusts for education. In all models, referent group was recoded to obtain relevant estimates within and across time periods
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference
a
WC models for women did not require age2 term
b
p <0.01
c
p <0.05