Table 1.

Summary of the pulsing protocol parameters – duty factor (DF) and pulse duration (τ) used to produce different types of HIFU lesions in bovine liver and cardiac tissues. The in situ HIFU peak intensity and the total HIFU-on time were the same for all the boiling histotripsy lesions – liquid, paste, and vacuolated thermal: 20 kW/cm² and 0.5 s, respectively. To produce a solid thermal lesion, a lower in situ intensity of 1.7 kW/cm² and continuous 20 s exposure was used. Two different regimes were employed to produce paste lesions in cardiac tissue for (a) histological evaluation and (b) protein analysis of the lesion contents.

Liquid	Paste		Vacuolated thermal	Solid thermal
	Liver	Cardiac muscle
DF = 0.005, τ = 5 ms	DF = 0.01, τ = 20 ms	(a) DF = 0.01, τ = 10 ms	CW, τ = 500 ms	CW, τ = 20 s
		(b) DF = 0.01, τ = 20 ms