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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Amino Acids. 2012 Oct 30;44(3):821–833. doi: 10.1007/s00726-012-1421-9

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Membrane disruption models (A–D) of AMPs and Gram-positive (E) and Gram-negative (F) bacterial membranes. (A) Barrel-stave transmembrane model. (B) Toroidal pore model. (C) Carpet model. (D) In-plane diffusion or partial insertion model. AMP examples for each model are given in the text.