. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Amino Acids. 2012 Oct 30;44(3):821–833. doi: 10.1007/s00726-012-1421-9

Table 1.

Examples of cationic membrane-active peptides showing guanidinium-phosphate interactions. Cationic residues (Arg and Lys) are underlined in peptide sequences. Refer to the main text for detailed references. All conformations were determined in phospholipid bilayers at physiological temperature. r(C_ζ-P) refers to the atomic distance between guanidinium C_ζ of the specified arginine and the phosphorus atom of the lipid headgroup.

Category	Peptide	Origins	Sequence	Conformation	r(C_ζ-P)
CPP	TAT	the basic domain of Tat protein of HIV-1 virus	GRKKRRQRRRPPQ	random coil	R8: 4.1 Å
	penetratin	the 3^rd helix of Antennapedia Homeodomain	RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK	coil-like	R10: 4.3 Å
AMP	PG-1	porcine leukocytes	RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR	β-hairpin	R11: 4.0 Å
	HNP-1	human α-defensin	ACYCRIPACIAGERRY GTCIYQGRLWAFCC	β-strand-rich	R25: 4.0 Å