Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and hormone levels of boys (left) and girls (right) with major depressive disorders (MDD) and healthy controls
| BOYS | p | p** | GIRLS | p | p** | p† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD n=16 | Controls n=16 | MDD n=17 | Controls n=16 | ||||||
| Age (years) | 16.8 ± 1.5 | 16.4 ± 2.0 | 0.44 | 16.6 ± 1.4 | 16.3 ± 2.2 | 0.69 | 0.79 | ||
| Bone Age (years) | 16.9 ± 1.6 | 17 ± 1.9 | 0.62* | 17.0 ± 0.9 | 16.1 ± 2.0 | 0.34* | 0.25 | ||
| Height (cm) | 176.1 ± 8.5 | 173.6 ± 8.7 | 0.41 | 162.4 ± 4.5 | 162.9 ± 5.6 | 0.83 | 0.41 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 76.8 ± 20.0 | 67.5 ± 15.9 | 0.16 | 64.2 ± 11.0 | 54.7 ± 9.6 | 0.013 | 0.97 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.4 | 22.2 ± 4.0 | 0.16 | 24.3 ± 3.7 | 20.5 ± 2.7 | 0.002 | 0.41 | ||
| Fat mass (kg) | 17.7 ± 9.0 | 12.2 ± 6.5 | 0.037* | 21.3 ± 7.3 | 14.7 ± 5.0 | 0.003* | 0.75 | ||
| Lean mass (kg) | 58.0 ± 12.3 | 54.4 ± 10.5 | 0.38 | 42.3 ± 4.5 | 39.1 ± 5.6 | 0.084 | 0.92 | ||
| Years since diagnosis | 2.6 ± 2.6 | -------- | 1.9 ± 1.2 | -------- | 0.34 | ||||
| % of MDD subjects with history of SSRI use | 56% | -------- | 71% | -------- | 0.41 | ||||
| % of MDD subjects with history of atypical antipsychotic use | 25% | -------- | 35% | -------- | 0.54 | ||||
| History of smoking | 40% | 12.5% | 0.11 | 6% | 0% | 0.48 | 0.99 | ||
| History of alcohol use | 42.9% | 18.8% | 0.24 | 41.2% | 0% | 0.007 | 0.99 | ||
| History of other substance abuse | 35.7% | 18.8% | 0.42 | 11.8% | 0% | 0.48 | 0.99 | ||
| Any fracture after 10 years | 31.3% | 18.8% | 0.69 | 11.8% | 6.3% | 1.00 | 0.99 | ||
| CTX (ng/mL) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 0.86 | 0.42 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 0.092* | 0.54 | 0.14 |
| PINP (ng/mL) | 249.9 ± 188.6 | 324.6 ± 272.2 | 0.64* | 0.79 | 86.7 ± 32.3 | 244.5 ± 270.9 | 0.031* | 0.51 | 0.45 |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 307.9 ± 75.1 | 320.2 ± 79 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 294.4 ± 67.9 | 318.8 ± 97.9 | 0.43 | 0.92 | 0.77 |
| 25-OH vitamin D (ng/mL) | 28.3 ± 8.2 | 31.3 ± 9.0 | 0.47* | 0.42 | 33.5 ± 8.1 | 22.5 ± 8.0 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 26.5 ± 16.2 | 22.2 ± 7.6 | 0.34 | 0.60 | 94.4 ± 112.9 | 130.4 ± 120.5 | 0.40* | 0.60 | 0.34 |
| Testosterone (ng/dL) | 503.6 ± 115.8 | 395.1 ± 209.2 | 0.087 | 0.17 | 40.9 ± 20.4 | 31.2 ± 14.7 | 0.27* | 0.96 | 0.12 |
| SHBG (nmol/L) | 28.3 ± 13.7 | 29.2 ± 15.5 | 0.90* | 0.52 | 54.0 ± 51.4 | 49.6 ± 10.6 | 0.15* | 0.43 | 0.71 |
| Free Androgen Index | 80.7 ± 36.7 | 60.9 ± 37.4 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 4.8 ± 3.8 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 0.024 | 0.82 | 0.20 |
| Salivary Cortisol (ng/dL) | 81.0 ± 54.7 | 91.6 ± 91.6 | 0.75* | 0.54 | 51.7 ± 4.8 | 50.6 ± 2.0 | 0.63* | 0.52 | 0.70 |
Mean ± SD
*
Wilcoxon test used to analyze between group differences;
**
p value after controlling for BMI
†
p-values for MDD x gender interaction term
SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin