Table 9.
Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Dietary Glycemic Index, Body Mass Index, and Musculoskeletal Defects Using Spline Regression, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007
| Defect | No.a | Cutoff | Low DGI, BMI <30 |
Low DGI, BMI ≥30 |
High DGI, BMI <30 |
High DGI, BMI ≥30 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORb | 95% CI | ORb | 95% CI | ORb | 95% CI | ORb | 95% CI | |||
| Longitudinal limb deficiency | 279 | 64 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.15 | 0.84, 1.57 | 1.00 | 0.13, 7.51 | 3.50 | 0.41, 29.78 |
| Preaxial limb deficiency | 164 | 60 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.31 | 0.88, 1.94 | 1.55 | 0.79, 3.04 | 0.70 | 0.10, 5.18 |
| Intercalary limb deficiency | 31 | 59 | 1.0 | Referent | 0.40 | 0.09, 1.72 | 1.08 | 0.31, 3.77 | 3.10 | 0.68, 14.22 |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | 537 | 64 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.13 | 0.90, 1.44 | 2.71 | 1.02, 7.20 | 2.46 | 0.29, 20.62 |
| Gastroschisis | 851 | 59 | 1.0 | Referent | 0.24 | 0.17, 0.35 | 1.33 | 1.05, 1.68 | 0.57 | 0.30, 1.09 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DGI, dietary glycemic index; OR, odds ratio.
a Number of cases in adjusted regression model.
b Odds ratios adjusted for site, maternal age, maternal education, maternal race, and folic acid use in the month prior to or after conception.