Fig 4.

WNV replication in HBCAs. HBCAs were infected with WNV-NY or WNV-MAD78 (MOI of 0.01). (A) WNV-NY and WNV-MAD78 infectious particle production in HBCAs. Culture supernatants were removed at the indicated times, and titers were determined by plaque assay on Vero cells. Values represent the average numbers of PFU per ml (± standard errors) of supernatant from at least three separate experiments. Asterisks indicate differences that are statistically significant (***, P < 0.005). (B to D) RNA synthesis of WNV-NY and WNV-MAD78 in HBCAs. Total RNA was recovered from HBCAs infected as described for panel A. Total (B) and strand-specific (C, positive; D, negative) viral RNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR. Values represent the averages (± standard errors) from at least three independent experiments. A Student's unpaired t test was performed to determine significance. Asterisks indicate differences that are statistically significant (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.005).