Table 2.
Divergence times, geological periods and outstanding events for the clades presented in Figure 1.
| Group | Age | Period | Outstanding events |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malesherbiaceae (Passifloraceae + Turneraceae) | 73.2 | Cretaceous | Migration from Old to New World through land bridges |
| Passifloraceae | 65.5 | Paleocene | |
| Old and New World genera | 49.5 | Eocene (E) | Land bridges linking North-Central-South Americas |
| Passiflora genus | 40.5 | Eocene (M) | Andes uplifting first stage |
| (Astrophea + Tryphostematoides) | 38.3 | Eocene (L) | Andes uplifting second stage |
| (Passiflora+Decaloba+Deidamioides) | |||
| (Decaloba+Deidamioides) (Passiflora) | 36.8 | Eocene (L) | Andes uplifting completed |
| Decaloba diversification | 29.0 | Oligocene (L) | Paleo-Orinoco fluvial system |
| Deidamioides diversification | 24.1 | Oligocene (L) | |
| Astrophea diversification | 13.8 | Miocene (M) | Lake Pebas environment; internal migration/diversification |
| Passifora diversification | 16.8 | Miocene (M) | Lake Pebas environment; internal migration/diversification |