Table 1.

Key genes upregulated in HPV+ tumors.

Gene Upregulated in HPV + tumors	Function	Reference
CDKN2A	Cell cyle inhibitor, product of E2f transcription	147, 151
PCNA	Cell cycle-dependent auxillary protein for DNA polymerase (pol) delta (also required for SV40 DNA replication in vitro).	147, 151
RFC4	Accessory protein (with PCNA) for DNA pol delta and epsilon. Part of a large multisubunit protein complex of DNA damage sensors called BASC.	147, 151
MCM2	Early S phase protein involved in DNA replication, likely regulated by E2F motifs.	147, 151
MCM3	Involved in DNA replication, likely serves as helicase that links a histone chaperone to a histone H3–H4 bridge	147, 151
CDC7 (cell- division cycle-7)-	Protein kinase essential for the G1/S transition and initiation of DNA replication. May regulate DNA replication by modulating MCM functions.	147, 151
TYMS (thymidylate synthetase)-	Maintains the dTMP (thymidine-5-prime monophosphate) pool critical for DNA replication and repair.	147, 151
CCNE2 (cyclin E2	Activates CDK2 and is involved in DNA synthesis.	147, 151
USP1 (Ubiquitin- specific protease 1)-	Negatively regulates PCNA polyubiquitination, a process normally induced by DNA damaging agents.	147, 151
BRG1	Involved in a switch in ATP-dependent chromatin- remodeling mechanisms that coincide with the final mitotic division. Note that this essential transition is mediated by repression of BAF53a by miR-9* and miR-124.	147, 151