Fig. 1.

Relative risk of poor physical performance, functional limitation, or physical disability in older adults with dynapenia (low muscle strength). The counterfactuals are older adults with normal muscle strength or mass. Studies investigating multiple outcomes or expressing findings by sex are repeated. The author of each study is followed by whether the relative risk was estimated in men, women, or men and women and preceded by whether the outcome was a self-reported physical function/disability (^*) or an observed physical performance (ˆ). Figure modified from Manini and Clark. CI, confidence interval; M, men; W, women.