Table 3.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between HPSA residence (reference: non-HPSA residence) and awareness, treatment or control of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, stratified by insurance status
| INSURED | UNINSURED | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
CRUDE |
ADJUSTED† |
|
CRUDE |
ADJUSTED† |
||||||||
| |
|
Odds ratio |
95% Confidence interval |
Odds ratio |
95% Confidence interval |
|
Odds ratio |
95% Confidence interval |
Odds ratio |
95% Confidence interval |
||||
| |
n |
Lower limit |
Upper limit |
Lower limit |
Upper limit |
n |
Lower limit |
Upper limit |
Lower limit |
Upper limit |
||||
| HYPERTENSION‡ (n = 12736) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Awareness* |
11451 |
0.91 |
0.76 |
1.08 |
0.88 |
0.74 |
1.06 |
830 |
1.40 |
0.72 |
2.71 |
2.30 |
1.08 |
4.89 |
| Treatment |
10916 |
0.87 |
0.67 |
1.13 |
0.85 |
0.64 |
1.12 |
751 |
1.86 |
0.78 |
4.43 |
1.95 |
0.76 |
4.98 |
| Control |
6364 |
0.86 |
0.76 |
0.97 |
0.92 |
0.81 |
1.04 |
698 |
0.53 |
0.36 |
0.77 |
0.45 |
0.29 |
0.71 |
| DIABETESβ (n = 4884) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Awareness |
4407 |
0.95 |
0.71 |
1.26 |
0.97 |
0.70 |
1.19 |
350 |
1.24 |
0.57 |
2.67 |
1.43 |
0.50 |
2.63 |
| Treatment |
3575 |
1.30 |
1.02 |
1.66 |
1.31 |
1.01 |
1.71 |
299 |
1.16 |
0.57 |
2.39 |
1.32 |
0.55 |
3.17 |
| Control |
1441 |
0.88 |
0.72 |
1.08 |
0.90 |
0.72 |
1.11 |
243 |
0.97 |
0.51 |
1.81 |
1.11 |
0.54 |
2.28 |
| HYPERLIPIDEMIAλ (n = 14053) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Awareness |
10416 |
0.89 |
0.79 |
1.00 |
0.89 |
0.79 |
1.01 |
896 |
1.38 |
0.97 |
1.97 |
1.50 |
1.01 |
2.22 |
| Treatment |
6599 |
0.98 |
0.87 |
1.11 |
0.97 |
0.85 |
1.11 |
553 |
1.31 |
0.87 |
1.98 |
1.18 |
0.73 |
1.92 |
| Control | 5118 | 0.83 | 0.69 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.70 | 1.02 | 292 | 0.76 | 0.43 | 1.34 | 0.72 | 0.37 | 1.41 |
*Insurance status: Defined as whether participants have any type of insurance.
HPSA: Health Professional Shortage Area.
‡Hypertension was defined as having a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 or (≥ 130/80 or greater if the participant also had diabetes or chronic kidney disease, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2), or report of being told by a doctor or nurse they had hypertension.
βDiabetes was defined as a fasting blood sugar ≥126 mg/dL, having been told by a doctor or nurse they had diabetes, or treatment with a diabetes medication.
λHyperlipidemia was defined as cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL, having been told by a doctor or nurse they had high cholesterol, or treatment with a cholesterol medication.
†Adjusted for age, race, gender, income, education, alcohol use, tobacco use, exercise, medication adherence, BMI category, urban group, and comorbid chronic condition(hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia).
(hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia).