Table 1. Patients characteristics at study entry and crude rates of progression to death/loss to follow-up and virologic rebound by club participation.
| Event rates (per 1000 person-years, 95% CI) | ||||||||
| Death/loss to follow-up | Virologic rebound* | |||||||
| N (%) | In club** | Not in club | N (%)* | In club** | Not in club | |||
| All patients combined | 2829 | 29.8 (17.9–49.5) | 116.9 (105.2–129.8) | 2517 | 31.8 (18.8–53.6) | 90.4 (79.1–103.4) | ||
| Age in years at study entry | ||||||||
| <25 | 284 (10.0) | 30.8 (4.3–218.6) | 192.8 (149.4–248.9) | 228 (9.1) | 68.0 (17.0–271.9) | 151.4 (106.5–215.3) | ||
| 25–34 | 1397(49.4) | 18.8 (7.8–45.3) | 120.6 (104.0–139.9) | 1234 (49.0) | 34.9 (17.5–69.9) | 97.5 (80.9–117.4) | ||
| 35–44 | 841 (29.7) | 30.1 (12.9–74.4) | 82.1 (65.3–103.3) | 778 (30.9) | 20.8 (6.7–64.6) | 72.4 (55.4–94.5) | ||
| ≥45 | 307 (10.9) | 91.9 (34.5–244.9) | 123.1 (90.6–167.2) | 277 (11.0) | 26.3 (3.7–186.5) | 65.1 (41.0–103.4) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 32.9 (28.5–39.0) | 33.2 (28.7–39.3) | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 831 (29.4) | 41.5 (18.6–92.3) | 123.1 (101.9–148.8) | 749 (29.8) | 7.8 (1.1–55.8) | 75.2 (57.5–98.4) | ||
| Female | 1997 (70.6) | 25.1 (13.1–48.3) | 114.3 (100.7–129.7) | 1767 (70.2) | 41.5 (24.1–71.5) | 96.9 (83.1–113.2) | ||
| CD4 count (cells/µl) at ART start | ||||||||
| <50 | 601 (21.2) | 15.3 (3.8–61.0) | 153.3 (124.6–188.4) | 518 (20.6) | 34.2 (12.8–91.3) | 94.6 (69.9–128.1) | ||
| 50–99 | 560 (19.8) | 34.2 (12.8–91.2) | 134.1 (107.3–167.7) | 496 (19.7) | 30.0 (9.6–93.0) | 84.6 (61.6–116.3) | ||
| 100–199 | 1276 (45.1) | 37.8 (18.9–75.5) | 100.8 (85.3–119.1) | 1151 (45.4) | 27.1 (11.3–65.1) | 96.2 (79.5–116.4) | ||
| ≥200 | 392 (13.4) | 23.3 (3.3–165.7) | 96.0 (71.1–129.2) | 352 (14.0) | 51.1 (12.8–204.5) | 75.4 (52.0–109.2) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 121 (60–176) | 124 (62–177) | ||||||
| CD4 count (cells/µl) at study entry | ||||||||
| <50 | 520 (18.4) | – | 254.2 (216.5–298.4) | 426 (16.9) | – | 106.7 (79.7–142.9) | ||
| 50–99 | 203 (7.2) | – | 101.3 (68.9–148.7) | 166 (6.6) | – | 64.5 (37.4–110.9) | ||
| 100–199 | 675 (23.9) | 52.4 (7.4–372.0) | 71.3 (55.3–91.7) | 582 (23.1) | 235.1 (75.8–728.8) | 78.3 (59.8–102.5) | ||
| ≥200 | 1431 (50.6) | 29.6 (17.5–49.9) | 87.3 (72.6–105.0) | 1343 (53.4) | 26.3 (14.5–47.5) | 96.6 (79.7–117.2) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 202 (97–386) | 215 (110–404) | ||||||
| Duration on ART in months at study entry | ||||||||
| <24 | 510 (18.1) | – | 136.3 (109.9–168.9) | 464 (18.4) | – | 47.9 (32.6–70.3) | ||
| 25–48 | 1084 (38.3) | 76.7 (19.2–306.9) | 132.9 (114.3–154.5) | 961 (38.2) | – | 90.6 (73.9–111.1) | ||
| >48 | 1235 (43.6) | 27.3 (15.9–47.1) | 87.2 (71.2–106.5) | 1092 (43.4) | 33.7 (19.9–56.9) | 119.2 (97.5–145.7) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 43.1 (28.0–61.1) | 42.8 (27.7–60.9) | ||||||
| Virologic suppression at study entry | ||||||||
| Yes | 2501 (88.4) | 28.6 (16.9–48.3) | 110.6 (98.6–124.2) | – | – | – | ||
| No | 327 (11.6) | 74.9 (10.5–531.5) | 160.0 (124.1–205.9) | – | – | – | ||
| WHO clinical stage at study entry | ||||||||
| I/II | 781 (27.6) | 32.2 (10.4–100.3) | 81.6 (64.7–102.8) | 716 (28.5) | 36.9 (11.9–114.4) | 79.5 (61.6–102.7) | ||
| III/IV | 2045 (72.4) | 29.3 (16.6–51.5) | 131.9 (117.2–148.4) | 1789 (71.5) | 30.6 (16.9–55.3) | 95.6 (81.7–112.0) | ||
*
Restricted to patients who had virologic suppression at study entry, n = 2517.
**
Patients who went on to enrol in a club contributed analysis time to the “not in club” group until they were enrolled in the club. There is no single point in time where characteristics of patients who enrol in clubs and other patients can be formally compared due to the progressive nature of club enrolment. Instead predictors of club participation are presented in Table 2. Table 1 shows event rates since study entry to the outcome endpoint or censoring.
ART: Antiretroviral therapy; WHO: World Health Organization; CI: Confidence interval; IQR (inter-quartile range).