Table 3.
Associations of knowledge of Orang Asli participants about intestinal helminths with age and gender
|
Variable |
Age (years) |
Gender |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 32 years | >= 32 years | OR | 95% CI | Male | Female | OR | 95% CI | |
| –Heard about worms |
59(56.2) |
73(66.4) |
0.7 |
0.4, 1.1 |
56(62.2) |
76 (60.8) |
1.1 |
0.6, 1.9 |
|
Signs and symptoms: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| –At least one symptom |
28(26.7) |
35(31.8) |
0.8 |
0.4, 1.4 |
30(33.3) |
33(26.4) |
1.4 |
0.8, 2.5 |
| –Abdominal pain |
7(6.7) |
14(12.7) |
0.5 |
0.2, 1.3 |
13(14.4) |
8(6.4) |
2.4 |
1.0, 6.2* |
| –Abdominal distension |
10(9.5) |
11(10.0) |
0.9 |
0.4, 2.3 |
13(14.4) |
8(6.4) |
2.4 |
1.0, 6.2* |
| –Vomiting |
6(5.7) |
9(8.2) |
0.7 |
0.2, 1.9 |
6(6.7) |
9(7.2) |
0.9 |
0.3, 2.7 |
| –Diarrhoea |
5(4.8) |
14(12.7) |
0.3 |
0.1, 0.9* |
11(12.2) |
8(6.4) |
2.0 |
0.8, 5.3 |
| –Lack of appetite |
6(5.7) |
10 (9.1) |
0.6 |
0.2, 1.7 |
7(7.8) |
9(7.2) |
1.1 |
0.4, 3.0 |
| –Pale face |
5(4.8) |
7(6.4) |
0.7 |
0.2, 2.4 |
4(4.4) |
8(6.4) |
0.7 |
0.2, 2.3 |
|
Transmission: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| –At least one way of transmission |
29(27.6) |
33(30.0) |
0.9 |
0.5, 1.6 |
29(32.2) |
32(25.8) |
1.4 |
0.8, 2.5 |
| –Playing with soil |
6(5.7) |
6(5.5) |
1.1 |
0.3, 3.4 |
7(7.8) |
5(4.0) |
0.5 |
0.2, 1.6 |
| –Stagnant water |
6(5.7) |
8(7.3) |
0.8 |
0.3, 2.3 |
9(10.0) |
5(4.0) |
2.6 |
0.8, 7.2 |
| –Dirty hands |
4(3.8) |
11(10.0) |
0.4 |
0.1, 1.2 |
4 (4.4) |
11(8.8) |
0.4 |
0.1, 1.6 |
| –Walking barefooted |
5(4.8) |
10(9.1) |
0.5 |
0.2, 1.5 |
6(6.7) |
9(7.2) |
0.9 |
0.3, 2.7 |
| –Eating contaminated food |
11(10.5) |
6(5.5) |
2.0 |
0.7, 5.7 |
10(11.1) |
7(5.6) |
2.1 |
0.8, 5.7 |
|
Prevention: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| –At least one preventive measure |
13(12.4) |
22 (20) |
0.6 |
0.3, 1.2 |
20(22.2) |
15(12.0) |
2.1 |
1.0, 4.4* |
| –Washing hands before eating |
6(5.7) |
10(9.1) |
0.6 |
0.2, 1.7 |
9(10.0) |
7(5.6) |
1.8 |
0.7, 5.2 |
| –Wearing shoes when outside the house |
4(3.8) |
9(8.2) |
0.4 |
0.1, 1.5 |
7(7.8) |
6(4.8) |
1.7 |
0.5, 5.1 |
| –Taking de-worming drugs | 8(7.6) | 10(9.1) | 0.8 | 0.3, 2.2 | 12(13.3) | 6(4.8) | 3.1 | 1.1, 6.4* |
All values are number (%). OR, Odds ratio. CI, Confidence interval. * Significant association (P<0.05).