Table 5.
Associations of knowledge of Orang Asli participants about intestinal helminths with family size and household monthly income
|
Variable |
Family size |
Household monthly income |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >= 7 members | < 7 members | OR | 95% CI | >= RM500 | < RM500 | OR | 95% CI | |
| –Heard about worms |
67(63.2) |
65(59.6) |
1.1 |
0.7, 2.0 |
43(66.2) |
89(59.3) |
1.3 |
0.7, 2.5 |
|
Signs and symptoms: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| –At least one symptom |
36(34.0) |
27(24.8) |
1.6 |
0.9, 2.8 |
24(36.9) |
39(26.0) |
1.7 |
0.9, 3.1 |
| –Abdominal pain |
12(15.4) |
9(6.6) |
2.5 |
1.0, 6.4* |
12(18.5) |
9(6.0) |
3.5 |
1.4, 8.7*† |
| –Abdominal distension |
9(11.3) |
12(8.3) |
1.4 |
0.5, 3.4 |
7(10.8) |
14(9.3) |
1.2 |
0.5, 3.1 |
| –Vomiting |
10(12.8) |
5(3.6) |
3.8 |
1.3, 9.8* |
5 (7.7) |
10(6.7) |
1.2 |
0.4, 3.5 |
| –Diarrhoea |
11(14.1) |
8(5.8) |
2.6 |
1.1, 6.8* |
7 (10.8) |
12 (8.0) |
1.4 |
0.5, 3.7 |
| –Lack of appetite |
8(7.3) |
8(7.5) |
1.0 |
0.4, 2.8 |
5 (7.7) |
11(7.3) |
1.1 |
0.4, 3.1 |
| –Pale face |
7(9.0) |
5(3.6) |
2.1 |
0.7, 7.3 |
2 (3.1) |
10(6.7) |
0.4 |
0.1, 2.1 |
|
Transmission: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| –At least one way of transmission |
26(24.5) |
35(32.1) |
0.7 |
0.3, 1.2 |
25(38.5) |
36(24.2) |
2.0 |
1.1, 3.7* |
| –Playing with soil |
5(6.4) |
7(5.1) |
1.3 |
0.4, 4.1 |
4(6.2) |
8(5.3) |
0.9 |
0.2, 2.9 |
| –Stagnant water |
4(5.1) |
10(7.3) |
0.7 |
0.2, 2.2 |
5(7.7) |
9(6.0) |
1.3 |
0.4, 3.7 |
| –Dirty hands |
7(6.6) |
8(7.3) |
0.9 |
0.3, 2.6 |
7(10.8) |
8(5.3) |
2.1 |
0.7, 5.7 |
| –Walking barefooted |
7(6.6) |
8(7.3) |
0.9 |
0.3, 2.6 |
6(9.2) |
9(6.0) |
1.6 |
0.5, 4.6 |
| –Eating contaminated food |
6(5.7) |
11(10.1) |
0.5 |
0.2, 1.5 |
10(15.4) |
7(4.7) |
3.7 |
1.3, 9.7*† |
|
Prevention: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| –At least -one preventive measure |
18(23.1) |
17(12.4) |
2.1 |
1.0, 4.4* |
17(26.2) |
18(12.0) |
2.6 |
1.2, 5.4* |
| –Washing hands before eating |
6(5.7) |
10(9.2) |
0.6 |
0.2, 1.7 |
9(13.8) |
7(4.7) |
3.2 |
1.2, 9.2* |
| –Wearing shoes when outside the house |
7(6.6) |
6(5.5) |
1.2 |
0.4, 3.7 |
6(9.2) |
7(4.7) |
2.1 |
0.7, 6.4 |
| –Taking de-worming drugs | 12(11.3) | 6(5.5) | 2.2 | 0.8, 6.1 | 8(12.3) | 10(6.7) | 1.9 | 0.7, 5.2 |
All values are number (%). RM, Malaysian Ringgit; (US$1 = RM3.15). OR, Odds ratio. CI, Confidence interval. * Significant association (P<0.05). † Variables were confirmed by multiple logistic regression analysis as significant associated factors.