Figure 5. Nude mice xenograft model to explore the in situ growth of KYSE30 wild type cells (KYSE30 wt) and transfectants with constitutive NDRG1 overexpression (NDRG1+) (n = 6 in each group). (A) 5 × 106 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the dorsal flank. Photographs of the dissected xenografts with the same magnification scale are shown on the right. Dots, mean of the xenograft volume of all the six mice in the group; Bars, ± SD; significant difference in tumor volume was observed from week 2, * p < 0.05. (B) Analysis of proliferative activity, apoptosis and vascularization in histological sections of the xenografts derived from KYSE30 wt and NDRG1+ cells, with the quantitative results shown on the left and representative images (× 100) shown on the right. Columns, mean data of the sections from the six mice in the group; Bars, ± SD; (*) p < 0.05. (a) Proliferative activity was assessed by Ki-67 staining; (b) vascularization was determined by staining for CD31 and (c) apoptosis was measured by terminal TUNEL assay, as described in the methods section.