Figure 1. Functional assays of Ki-CA patient tumor derived cells’ response to molecular targeted small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Two thousand cells in medium without EGF were added to 96-well plates containing each small-molecule inhibitor at four serial dilutions spanning a concentration range that includes the predicted IC₅₀, incubated at 37°C for three days and assayed by MTS (Promega). The viability data were adjusted for wells with no cells/inhibitor, and normalized to untreated wells of the cultured cells (OD value for wells with cells without drug treatment = 100% cell viability) and to a database of cell lines and tumor samples⁴ to yield responses and the IC₅₀ in nM for each agent. IC₅₀ values less than 20% of the global median (shown as 100%) are considered responses and are well within clinically achievable concentrations.