Fig. 2.

Bamboo leaf extract (BLE) inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (A) Fluorescence intensity of ROS in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs following BLE treatment. Cells were labeled with the H₂O₂-sensitive fluorescent probe DCF-DA. (B) Representative fluorescent images show ROS levels in control cells and HUVECs stimulated with TNF-α in the absence or presence of BLE. Cells were observed under a fluorescent microscope at × 100 magnification. Data are presented as means ± SEMs (n = 3). ^*P < 0.05, significantly different compared with control (DMSO) by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's test.