Skip to main content

View full-text article in PMC

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 30.

Published in final edited form as: Psychiatry Res. 2012 Apr 24;199(1):58–64. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.052

Table 3.

Adjusted associations between gambling problem severity and psychiatric diagnoses, stratified by anxiety disorder (AD) status.

Diagnosis	With an anxiety disorder			Without an anxiety disorder			Interaction OR for AD group vs. non-AD group
Diagnosis	OR for low-risk vs. non/LF-gamblers^a	OR for At-Risk vs. non/LF-gamblers	OR for prob/path vs. non/LF-gamblers	OR for low-risk vs. non/LF-gamblers	OR for at-risk vs. non/LF-gamblers	OR for prob/path vs. non/LF-gamblers	Low-risk gamblers	At-risk gamblers	Prob/path gamblers
Any axis I disorder	2.78^***	2.07	5.23^*	3.1	4.08^***	9.26^***	0.9	0.51	0.56
Major Depression	1.23	0.64	1.2	1.5^*	2.45^***	4.24^***	0.82	0.26^*	0.28
Dysthymia	1.04	2.56	0.25	1.79^*	3.00	3.5	0.58	0.85	0.07^*
Mania	1.3	1.12	3.31	2.02^*	4.85^***	7.08^**	0.64	0.23^*	0.47
Hypomania	1.84	1.73	0.37	3.57	1.9	1.03	0.52	0.91	0.36
Alcohol ab/dep^b	2.34^***	2.54^*	3.62^**	2.79^***	3.18^***	8.82^***	0.84	0.8	0.41
Drug ab/dep	2.29^***	0.51	1.72	2.64	3.06	0.52	0.87	0.17	3.29
Nicotine dep	1.58^*	3.01^*	4.6^*	2.62^***	3.95^***	6.03^***	0.6^*	0.76	0.76
Any axis II disorder	1.56^*	2.82^*	2.88	2.48^***	6.00^***	7.57^***	0.63^*	0.47	0.38
Paranoid	1.96^***	4.29^***	2.28	1.91^**	5.71^***	7.5^***	1.03	0.75	0.3
Schizoid	1.24	3.76^***	0.72	1.78^*	4^**	7.15^***	0.70	0.94	0.1^**
Antisocial	1.38	3.74	3.24	2.84^***	3.51^***	9.84^***	0.49^*	1.06	0.23^*
Histrionic	1.89^*	2.31	6.5^***	2.94^***	6.95^***	4.78^**	0.64	0.33	1.36
Avoidant	0.99	1.98	0.9	2.41^**	2.33	10.27^***	0.41	0.85	0.09^**
Dependent	1.06	1.62	0.77	Unstable	5.17^*	25.27^***	Unstable	0.31	0.03^***
Obsessive-compulsive	1.71^*	2.3^*	1.82	2.08^***	3.6^***	3.87^***	0.82	0.64	0.47

^a

Non/LF=non or low-frequency gamblers.

^b

ab/dep=abuse or dependence.

^*

p<0.05.

^**

p<0.01.

^***

p<0.001.