Figure 2.

Superlens model adapted from Kappas (1991) and Kappas and Descôteaux (2003). Communication pathways are indicated in black, expressive regulatory pathways in blue. Red arrows indicate objectively measurable displays that are not transmitted/received. Yellow arrows indicate erroneously perceived displays, for example due to stereotypes and expectations. Encoding and decoding of affective/motivational displays are a function of individuals' social and cultural context that are part of every individual. The intersection symbolizes the situationally shared context including all aspects that affect transmission, such as distance or noise.