Figure 2. The regulation and functions of liver NK cells. Top panel: The regulation of NK cells.
The left side of the top panel illustrates that activated Kupffer cells (KCs), dendritic cells (DCs), and NKT cells can induce NK cell activation via the production of a variety of cytokines. Several cytokines that activate NK cells are also listed. The right side of the top panel illustrates that T regulatory cells and activated HSCs can inhibit NK cell functions via the production of several cytokines. TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of NK cell functions. Bottom panel: The functions of NK cells in the liver. Activated NK cells target hepatocytes, HSCs, and cholangiocytes and perform a variety of important functions in the pathogenesis of liver disease.