Fig. 4.

Vitamin D (VD) plasma level and immune status in patients subgrouped according to the genotypes of the CYP24A1 rs2296241 polymorphism. Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were subdivided into the three different genotypes of the CYP24A1 rs2296241 polymorphism (AA, AG, GG) and analysed for associations between the individual genotypes and (a) 25D and 1,25D plasma level; (b) frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) [Linage cocktail 3 (Lin3^–), CD303⁺, CD123⁺, CD11c⁺], myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) (Lin3^–, CD303^–, CD123^lo, CD11c^hi, CD4⁺), regulatory T cells (T_regs) (CD4⁺, CD25⁺, forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)⁺; CD8⁺, CD25⁺, FoxP3⁺) and (c) interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17 or IL-4-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells after overnight stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin. Significant differences in the Mann–Whitney U-test are indicated (GraphPad Prism software).