Table 2.

Default parameter values for humans and dogs

Parameter	Meaning	Units	Human value	Dog value (reference)
Pm	Atmospheric pressure	mmHg	760	760
Vo	Mean alveolar volume	l	2.5	0.530 (Stahl, 1967)
Cu	Unit conversion factor	l mol−1	25.426	25.507 (calculated at 38°C)
TL	Heart beat period	s	60/72	60/70 (Hayano et al. 1996)
Pw	Water vapour pressure at body temperature	mmHg	47	49.750 (Lemmon, 2011)
fom	Dry atmospheric O2 fractional concentration		0.21	0.21
fcm	Dry atmospheric CO2 fractional concentration		0	0
VT	Tidal volume	l	0.4	0.21 (Hayano et al. 1996)
VD	Dead-space volume	l	0.15	0.07 (calculated as VT/3)
Vc	Capillary volume/heart stroke volume	l	0.07	0.014 (Hayano et al. 1996)
R	Airway resistance to flow	mmHg s−1 l−1	1	1.6 (Stahl, 1967)
E	Lung elastance	mmHg l−1	2.5	14 (Stahl, 1967)
T	Respiratory period	s	5	4 (Hayano et al. 1996)
ω	Respiratory angular frequency	rad s−1	2π/5	2π/4 (Hayano et al. 1996)
Do	O2 diffusion capacity	l mmHg−1 s−1	3.5×10−4	2.7×10−4 (Jouasset-Strieder et al. 1966)
Dc	CO2 diffusion capacity	l mmHg−1 s−1	7.08×10−3	5.462×10−3 (calculated as 20.22*Do)
σ	O2 solubility in blood plasma	mol l−1 mmHg−1	1.4×10−6	1.4×10−6
σc	CO2 solubility in blood plasma	mol l−1 mmHg−1	3.3×10−5	3.3×10−5
Th	Capillary haemoglobin concentration	mol l−1	2×10−3	2.283×10−3 (Hayano et al. 1996)
KT	Equilibrium constant in haemoglobin saturation function	l mol−1	104	104
KR		l mol−1	3.6×106	3.6×106
L			1.712×108	1.712×108
h	Capillary H+ ions concentration	mol l−1	10−7.4	10−7.4
r2	Dehydration reaction rate	s−1	0.12	0.12
l2	Hydration reaction rate	l s−1 mol−1	1.64×105	1.64×105
δ	Reaction rate acceleration factor due to catalysing enzyme		101.9	101.9