Figure 2. Risk of developing dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment as a function of individual and combined biomarker status.

(A–C) Red shows risk of developing AD in MCI patients testing positive for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ₄₂ for the CSF tau/A ratio and for medial temporal atrophy (HOC), respectively. Blue lines indicate negative results on these tests. (D) Mild cognitive impairment patients are stratified on the basis of CSF A β₄₂ and atrophy risk. Those testing negative for both (green line) are at very low risk of developing dementia within 3 years, those testing positive for both (red line) are at very high risk. Those testing positive for atrophy, even in the presence of a negative CSF Aβ₄₂ test (purple line), are also at very high risk of developing Alzhemer’s disease.

HOC: Hippocampal occupancy score.

Adapted with permission from [60].