Table 2.

Literature survey of oxidative stress studies in pollutant-resistant killifish (Meyer and Di Giulio 2003; Meyer et al. 2003; Bacanskas et al. 2004; Arzuaga and Elskus 2010)

Toxicant	Mode of action	Endpoint	Life stage	Resistant population study site	Sensitivity compared to reference fish	Ref
PCB-126	Ahr-dependent, ROS generated by CYP1	Superoxide detected by in vivo dihydroethidium staining (7 dpf) and heart deformities (10 dpf)	Embryo (exposed 2–5 dpf)	New Bedford Harbor (MA), Newark Bay (NJ)	Less sensitive (Beaufort, NC)	Arzuaga and Elskus, 2010
3-MC	Ahr-dependent	Superoxide detected by in vivo dihydroethidium staining (5 dpf)
tBOOH	Oxidative stress	Survival time, TOSC, total glutathione	Larvae F1 and F2generations 1 week post hatch and 5 months post hatch	Elizabeth River (VA)	Less sensitive (Kings Creek, VA), higher TOSC and glutathione	Meyer et al. 2003
PAH- contaminated sediment extract	Ahr-dependent	Total glutathione, GCL activity, GR activity, GPx activity, lipid peroxidation	Adult ,F1 and F2livers	Elizabeth River (VA)	Higher levels of glutathione, GPx, and LPO	Bacanskas et al. 2004
Fluoranthene, hypoxia, UV	phototoxicity	Survival	Larvae, F1 and F2	Elizabeth River (VA)	More sensitive (Kings Creek)	Meyer and Di Giulio 2003
tBHQ	Nrf2 activation, quinone redox cycling, electrophilic metabolite	Deformities, gene expression	Embryos (5, 7, 9 dpf)	New Bedford Harbor (MA)	More sensitive (Scorton Creek) to deformities and gene expression of antioxidant genes (gsta, sod2, cat)	This study
tBOOH	Lipid peroxidation	Gene expression	Embryos 7 dpf	New Bedford Harbor (MA)	No difference	This study