TABLE 1.
Quantitative effects of etoposide interactions with various drugs that can potentially affect etoposide bioavailability
| Drug | Quantitative effect (method) | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cisplatin or carboplatin | Increased AUC of etoposide (8% with carboplatin, 28% with cisplatin) (patients, in vitro methods) | Thomas et al.70 |
| Cyclosporine A | Mean increase of AUC of etoposide 89% (patients) | Bisogno et al.71 |
| Hydroxyzine | Transport of etoposide increased from the luminal site to the serosal site in the jejunum by 2-fold (reduced efflux) (everted rat gut sacks) | Kan et al.72 |
| Quinidine | Increased serum concentration of oral etoposide more than 2-fold (everted gut sacks prepared from rat jejunum and ileum) | Leu et al.73 |
| 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 | AUC of intragastric administration of etoposide in rats increased by 4.52-fold; cmax increased by 2.54-fold (rats) | Zhang et al.74 |
| GF120918 | Increased plasma levels of etoposide after oral administration 4–5-fold (wild-type mice) | Allen et al.40 |
| Kaempferol | The absolute bioavailability of oral etoposide increased by 11.0–12.3%; the relative bioavailability of oral etoposide increased 1.15–1.64-fold; significantly increased cmax (rats) | Li et al.75 |
| Morin | Increased absolute bioavailability of oral etoposide by 35,9% (rats) | Li et al.76 |
| Quercetin | Increased absolute bioavailability of oral etoposide to 12.7 (quercetin 5 mg/kg) or 13.6% (quercetin 15 mg/kg) (rats) | Li et al.77 |
| Verapamil | Increased absolute bioavailability of oral etoposide by 1.38 to 1.47-fold (rats) | Piao et al.78 |
| PSC833 (valspodar) | Increased plasma concentration of orally administered etoposide at least 10-fold (rats) | Keller et al.79 |
| Ketoconazole | Increased AUC of oral etoposide by a median of 20% (patients) | Peng Yong et al.80 |
| Food (standard breakfast: milk, cornflakes, sugar, egg, sausage, bread, margarine, orange marmalade and coffee or tea, sweetened to taste) | Decreased AUC of oral etoposide from 40.8±10.7 μgml−1h1.7m−2 to 35.8±9.8 μgml−1h1.7m−2 (patients) | Harvey et al.81 |
| Grapefruit juice | Decreased AUC of oral etoposide of 26.2%; median absolute bioavailability of 50 mg oral etoposide with and without pretreatment with grapefruit juice was 52.4% and 73.2%, respectively (patients) | Reif et al.82 |
| Piperine analogue | Increased absolute bioavailability of oral etoposide 2.32-fold (in vitro and animal-derived models) | Najar et al.83 |
| Curcumin | Increased AUC of oral etoposide by 35.1% (curcumin 2 mg/kg) and 50.8% (curcumin 8 mg/kg); increased F of oral etoposide by 36.0% (curcumin 2 mg/kg) and 52.0% (curcumin 8 mg/kg) (rats) | Lee et al.84 |