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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Resist Updat. 2012 Mar 4;15(1-2):114–122. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.01.004

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Fasting and DR modulate drug metabolism. Fasting and DR have been shown to affect all 3 major phases of drug metabolism. Phase I involves redox and hydrolysis and is mediated by the cytochrome P450 family. Phase II are usually detoxification processes that involves conjugation steps. Genes under this category are regulated by the stress responsive master transcription factor Nrf2. Proteins classified as phase III are involved in transport, such as members of the ABC superfamily of transporters.