Table 2.
Cardiac dimensions, time indices, technique and measurement reliability from 51 adult healthy sheep
| Parameter | Reference range (mean±2SD) | Mean±SD |
Technique repeatability |
Technique reproducibility |
Measurement repeatability |
Measurement reproducibility |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max% difference | ICC | Max% difference | ICC | Kappa | Max% difference | ICC | Max% difference | ICC | Kappa | |||
| PA (cm) + * |
1.96-2.80 |
2.38±0.21 |
2.5 |
0.92 |
3.8 |
0.88 |
0.87 |
2.3 |
0.94 |
2.8 |
0.91 |
0.89 |
| Ao (cm) + * |
2.24-3.24 |
2.74±0.25 |
2.9 |
0.90 |
4.2 |
0.86 |
0.85 |
2.6 |
0.92 |
3.1 |
0.88 |
0.89 |
| PA: Ao |
0.77-1.01 |
0.89±0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| AoS (cm) |
2.58-3.82 |
3.20±0.31 |
3.2 |
0.90 |
3.0 |
0.90 |
0.88 |
2.8 |
0.92 |
3.2 |
0.89 |
0.87 |
| Ao-cs (cm) |
2.49-3.69 |
3.09±0.30 |
2.7 |
0.93 |
3.6 |
0.88 |
0.87 |
2.4 |
0.94 |
2.8 |
0.90 |
0.90 |
| LAD (cm)+ |
2.83-6.35 |
4.59±0.88 |
2.6 |
0.91 |
4.1 |
0.84 |
0.82 |
2.2 |
0.94 |
2.7 |
0.89 |
0.88 |
| ET (sec) |
0.11-0.27 |
0.19±0.04 |
3.1 |
0.90 |
3.3 |
0.89 |
0.87 |
2.4 |
0.93 |
2.6 |
0.92 |
0.91 |
| PEP (ms) |
0.01-0.05 |
0.03±0.01 |
2.8 |
0.88 |
3.0 |
0.87 |
0.96 |
2.6 |
0.92 |
2.9 |
0.90 |
0.92 |
| EPSS (cm) |
0.24-0.60 |
0.42±0.09 |
3.3 |
0.85 |
3.7 |
0.82 |
0.80 |
2.7 |
0.90 |
3.0 |
0.92 |
0.86 |
| RVDd (cm) |
0.70-2.14 |
1.42±0.36 |
5.9 |
0.66 |
7.2 |
0.51 |
0.56 |
3.4 |
0.84 |
4.4 |
0.74 |
0.64 |
| RVDs (cm) |
0.56-1.12 |
0.84±0.14 |
6.2 |
0.72 |
6.6 |
0.57 |
0.59 |
3.6 |
0.82 |
4.1 |
0.72 |
0.66 |
| IVSd (cm) + * |
0.89-1.49 |
1.19±0.15 |
3.8 |
0.84 |
3.6 |
0.82 |
0.84 |
2.8 |
0.91 |
3.2 |
0.87 |
0.85 |
| IVSs (cm)+ |
1.19-1.91 |
1.55±0.18 |
4.2 |
0.82 |
3.8 |
0.82 |
0.84 |
3.0 |
0.90 |
3.5 |
0.88 |
0.88 |
| LVDd (cm)+ |
3.34-5.50 |
4.42±0.54 |
2.4 |
0.91 |
2.7 |
0.90 |
0.89 |
2.2 |
0.93 |
2.5 |
0.90 |
0.88 |
| LVDs (cm)* |
1.92-3.32 |
2.62±0.35 |
2.8 |
0.92 |
3.2 |
0.90 |
0.88 |
2.5 |
0.94 |
2.6 |
0.92 |
0.90 |
| FWd (cm) + * |
0.71-1.27 |
0.99±0.14 |
4.8 |
0.82 |
5.7 |
0.76 |
0.74 |
3.4 |
0.84 |
3.9 |
0.79 |
0.78 |
| FWs (cm)* |
0.94-2.06 |
1.50±0.28 |
5.2 |
0.81 |
6.3 |
0.74 |
0.73 |
3.6 |
0.86 |
4.1 |
0.81 |
0.80 |
| FS (%) |
30.6-49.8 |
40.2±4.8 |
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|
|
|
| LVEF (%) |
67.1-86.7 |
76.9±4.9 |
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|
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|
|
|
|
| HR (bpm) | 73.5-95.1 | 84.3±5.4 | ||||||||||
Table 2 Reference ranges (mean± 2 standard deviations) and mean ± standard deviation for cardiac dimensions, time indices and heart rate from 51 adult healthy sheep. Technique and measurement repeatability and reproducibility are also displayed and assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and maximal differences between measures. Cohen’s Kappa was additionally used to assess reproducibility. * shows significant species differences and + shows significant differences when corrected for bodyweight; p < 0.05. Abbreviations: Ao: aorta; Ao-cs: aorta measured from a short axis view (cross-section); AoS: aortic sinus; EPSS: e-point to septal separation; ET: ejection time; FS: fractional shortening; FWd: left ventricular free wall measured in diastole; FWs: left ventricular free wall measured in systole; HR: heart rate; IVSd: inter-ventricular septum measured in diastole; IVSs: inter-ventricular septum measured in systole; LAD: left atrial diameter measured end systole; LVDd: left ventricular diameter measured in diastole; LVDs: left ventricular diameter measured in systole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PA: pulmonary artery PA: Ao: ratio of pulmonary artery to aorta; PEP: pre-ejection period; RVDd: right ventricular diameter measured in diastole; RVDs: right ventricular diameter measured in systole.