Table 3.
Cardiac dimensions, time indices, technique and measurement reliability from 40 adult healthy goats
|
Parameter |
Mean±SD |
Reference range (mean±2SD) |
Technique repeatability |
Technique reproducibility |
Measurement repeatability |
Measurement reproducibility |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max% difference | ICC | Max% difference | ICC | Kappa | Max% difference | ICC | Max% difference | ICC | Kappa | |||
| PA (cm) + * |
1.93±0.28 |
1.37-2.49 |
2.8 |
0.91 |
3.6 |
0.87 |
0.88 |
2.1 |
0.95 |
2.6 |
0.91 |
0.90 |
| Ao (cm) + * |
2.18±0.26 |
1.66-2.70 |
3.1 |
0.89 |
4.0 |
0.82 |
0.83 |
2.7 |
0.92 |
3.3 |
0.89 |
0.88 |
| PA: Ao |
0.93±0.04 |
0.85-1.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| AoS (cm) |
2.64±0.30 |
2.04-3.24 |
2.8 |
0.90 |
3.2 |
0.88 |
0.87 |
2.4 |
0.94 |
3.1 |
0.85 |
0.86 |
| Ao-cs (cm) |
2.42±0.28 |
1.86-2.98 |
3.3 |
0.86 |
3.8 |
0.81 |
0.82 |
2.6 |
0.92 |
2.9 |
0.90 |
0.90 |
| LAD (cm)+ |
4.06±0.54 |
2.98-5.14 |
3.2 |
0.86 |
4.3 |
0.81 |
0.80 |
2.5 |
0.93 |
3.6 |
0.82 |
0.81 |
| ET (sec) |
0.18±0.05 |
0.08-0.28 |
3.3 |
0.88 |
3.7 |
0.84 |
0.83 |
2.7 |
0.91 |
3.2 |
0.87 |
0.88 |
| PEP (ms) |
0.03±0.01 |
0.01-0.05 |
3.2 |
0.85 |
3.4 |
0.87 |
0.88 |
2.3 |
0.95 |
2.6 |
0.89 |
0.90 |
| EPSS (cm) |
0.37±0.09 |
0.19-0.55 |
3.0 |
0.88 |
3.5 |
0.86 |
0.84 |
2.5 |
0.93 |
3.2 |
0.85 |
0.84 |
| RVDd (cm) |
0.99±0.32 |
0.35-1.63 |
6.3 |
0.64 |
6.7 |
0.55 |
0.58 |
3.9 |
0.81 |
4.5 |
0.76 |
0.70 |
| RVDs (cm) |
0.67±0.28 |
0.15-1.19 |
6.5 |
0.68 |
7.1 |
0.52 |
0.54 |
3.8 |
0.81 |
4.3 |
0.76 |
0.72 |
| IVSd (cm) + * |
0.98±0.21 |
0.56-1.4 |
3.4 |
0.88 |
3.8 |
0.81 |
0.82 |
2.9 |
0.89 |
3.1 |
0.85 |
0.83 |
| IVSs (cm)+ |
1.32±0.32 |
0.68-1.96 |
3.6 |
0.86 |
4.1 |
0.80 |
0.84 |
3.1 |
0.86 |
3.2 |
0.83 |
0.82 |
| LVDd (cm)+ |
3.74±0.48 |
2.78-4.70 |
2.2 |
0.96 |
2.6 |
0.92 |
0.90 |
1.8 |
0.97 |
2.3 |
0.92 |
0.91 |
| LVDs (cm)* |
2.11±0.31 |
1.49-2.73 |
2.4 |
0.94 |
3.0 |
0.88 |
0.86 |
2.1 |
0.96 |
2.5 |
0.92 |
0.92 |
| FWd (cm) + * |
0.79±0.07 |
0.65-0.93 |
3.8 |
0.81 |
4.6 |
0.75 |
0.73 |
3.2 |
0.86 |
3.6 |
0.78 |
0.79 |
| FWs (cm)* |
1.22±0.19 |
0.84-1.60 |
4.2 |
0.80 |
5.2 |
0.73 |
0.71 |
3.4 |
0.84 |
3.8 |
0.80 |
0.81 |
| FS (%) |
45.2±5.9 |
33.4-57.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| LVEF (%) |
73.6±5.4 |
62.8-84.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HR (bpm) | 87.1±3.2 | 80.7-93.5 | ||||||||||
Table 3 Reference ranges (mean± 2 standard deviations) and mean ± standard deviation for cardiac dimensions, time indices and heart rate from 40 adult healthy goats. Technique and measurement repeatability and reproducibility are also displayed and assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and maximal differences between measures. Cohen’s Kappa was additionally used to assess reproducibility. * shows significant species differences and + shows significant differences when corrected for bodyweight; p < 0.05. Abbreviations: Ao: aorta; Ao-cs: aorta measured from a short axis view (cross-section); AoS: aortic sinus; EPSS: e-point to septal separation; ET: ejection time; FS: fractional shortening; FWd: left ventricular free wall measured in diastole; FWs: left ventricular free wall measured in systole; HR: heart rate; IVSd: inter-ventricular septum measured in diastole; IVSs: inter-ventricular septum measured in systole; LAD: left atrial diameter measured end systole; LVDd: left ventricular diameter measured in diastole; LVDs: left ventricular diameter measured in systole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PA: pulmonary artery PA: Ao: ratio of pulmonary artery to aorta; PEP: pre-ejection period; RVDd: right ventricular diameter measured in diastole; RVDs: right ventricular diameter measured in systole.