Table 4.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of potential predictors at baseline and 1 week for improvement at 1 month in acute and chronic patients
|
Predictor variable |
Acute (N = 215) |
Chronic (N = 204) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Gender (male) |
0.69 (0.32-1.51) |
0.36 |
0.75 (0.42 to 1.35) |
0.34 |
| *Age (higher) |
0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) |
0.13 |
1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
0.85 |
| Dizziness present |
1.54 (0.47 to 5.02) |
0.47 |
1.02 (0.45 to 2.31) |
0.96 |
| Radiculopathy present |
2.19 (0.49 to 9.78) |
0.30 |
0.60 (0.25 to 1.44) |
0.25 |
| Trauma |
0.74 (0.24 to 2.36) |
0.62 |
1.29 (0.59 to 2.83) |
0.52 |
| Previous episodes category (higher) |
1.18 (0.47 to 2.93) |
0.73 |
1.31 (0.71 to 2.43) |
0.39 |
| Taking medication |
1.76 (0.74 to 4.18) |
0.20 |
1.04 (0.54 to 2.00) |
0.40 |
| Paid employment |
0.90 (0.29 to 2.78) |
0.85 |
0.55 (0.27 to 1.13) |
0.10 |
| Smoke |
1.43 (0.51 to 3.98) |
0.49 |
1.01 (0.50 to 2.03) |
0.98 |
| In good health |
1.72 (0.76 to 3.90) |
0.19 |
1.58 (0.89 to 2.81) |
0.12 |
| *BQ Pain |
1.09 (0.83 to 1.28) |
0.31 |
1.00 (0.89 to 1.13) |
0.98 |
| *BQ Disability |
1.08 (0.94 to 1.24) |
0.29 |
1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) |
0.87 |
| *BQ Social disability |
1.12 (0.98 to 1.27) |
0.09 |
1.07 (0.97 to 1.19) |
0.18 |
| *BQ Anxiety |
0.97 (0.85 to 1.12) |
0.69 |
1.06 (0.75 to 1.17) |
0.31 |
| *BQ Depression |
0.90 (0.80 to 1.01) |
0.08 |
0.96 (0.88 to 1.06) |
0.42 |
| *BQ Fear avoidance beliefs |
1.05 (0.92 to 1.20) |
0.51 |
1.03 (0.94 to 1.14) |
0.52 |
| *BQ Locus of control |
1.08 (0.95 to 1.24) |
0.25 |
0.96 (0.87 to 1.07) |
0.46 |
| *BQ Total |
1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) |
0.49 |
1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
0.83 |
| *NRS Neck |
1.08 (0.90 to 1.30) |
0.39 |
1.00 (0.88 to 1.13) |
0.93 |
| *NRS Arm |
1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) |
0.53 |
0.98 (0.89 to 1.09) |
0.76 |
|
PGIC @ 1 week |
4.04 (1.63 to 10.07) |
.003 |
4.60 (2.04 to 10.38) |
.0001 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week BQ Pain Change Score |
1.14 (0.99 to 1.32) |
0.08 |
1.01 (0.88 to 1.15) |
0.88 |
| *Baseline:1 Week BQ Disability Change Score |
1.09 (0.95 to 1.26) |
0.23 |
0.99 (0.88 to 1.12) |
0.90 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week BQ Social disability Change Score |
1.10 (0.95 to 1.28) |
0.20 |
1.10 (0.98 to 1.25) |
0.12 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week BQ Anxiety Change Score |
1.13 (0.96 to 1.32) |
0.14 |
1.08 (0.93 to 1.25) |
0.31 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week BQ Depression Change Score |
0.99 (0.85 to 1.16 ) |
0.93 |
1.01 (0.90 to 1.14) |
0.84 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week BQ Fear avoidance beliefs Change Score |
0.99 (0.86 to 1.16) |
0.88 |
1.08 (0.96 to 1.22) |
0.21 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week BQ Locus of control Change Score |
1.12 (1.00 to 1.26) |
0.05 |
1.03 (0.94 to 1.13) |
0.58 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week BQ Total Change Score |
1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) |
0.13 |
1.01 (0.92 to 1.21) |
0.43 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week NRS Neck Change Score |
1.42 (1.14 to 1.77) |
0.002 |
1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) |
0.43 |
| *Baseline: 1 Week NRS Arm Change Score | 1.12 (0.92 to 1.36) | 0.27 | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.10) | 0.49 |
*Continuous variables. BQ = Bournemouth Questionnaire. NRS = Numerical rating scale. OR = odds ratio (95% Confidence intervals). N = Number of observations. PGIC = Patient global impression of change scale.