Table 3. Analytical statistics for the dyslexia and non-dyslexia groups.
| Variables | Low grade | High grade | All subjects | |||||||||
| Dyslexia (n = 98) | Non-dyslexia (n = 2127) | x2 | P | Dyslexia (n = 97) | Non-dyslexia (n = 2741) | x2 | P | Dyslexia (n = 195) | Non-dyslexia (n = 4868) | x2 | P | |
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | |||||||
| General information | ||||||||||||
| Gender | 28.7 | <0.05 | 18.6 | <0.05 | 46.3 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Male | 75 (77.0) | 1039 (49.0) | 71 (73.2) | 1396 (50.9) | 146 (74.9) | 2435 (50.0) | ||||||
| Female | 23 (23.0) | 1088 (51.0) | 26 (26.8) | 1345 (49.1) | 49 (25.1) | 2433 (50.0) | ||||||
| Agea | 8.4±0.7 | 8.3±0.7 | −1.8 | >0.05 | 10.2±0.8 | 10.2±0.7 | −0.4 | >0.05 | 9.35±1.2 | 9.39±1.2 | 0.5 | >0.05 |
| BMIb | 16.8±2.8 | 16.8±4.2 | −0.1 | >0.05 | 17.1±3.5 | 17.7±3.0 | −1.8 | >0.05 | 17.25±2.9 | 16.94±3.8 | −1.1 | >0.05 |
| Income of family per month | 1.0 | >0.05 | 4.3 | >0.05 | 4.2 | >0.05 | ||||||
 More than 3000 Yuan |
15 (15.3) | 387 (18.2) | 14 (14.4) | 530 (19.3) | 29 (14.9) | 917 (18.8) | ||||||
 Between 2000 and 3000 Yuan |
31 (31.6) | 696 (32.7) | 26 (26.8) | 885 (32.3) | 57 (29.2) | 1581 (32.5) | ||||||
 Between 1000 and 2000 Yuan |
40 (40.8) | 832 (39.1) | 44 (45.4) | 993 (36.2) | 84 (43.1) | 1825 (37.5) | ||||||
 Less than 1000 Yuan |
12 (12.2) | 212 (10.0) | 13 (13.4) | 333 (12.1) | 25 (12.8) | 545 (11.2) | ||||||
| Father's education level | 9.6 | <0.05 | 16.5 | <0.05 | 25.2 | <0.05 | ||||||
 Junior high school or below |
39 (39.8) | 634 (29.8) | 43 (44.3) | 899 (32.8) | 82 (42.1) | 1533 (31.5) | ||||||
 Senior high school or equal |
43 (43.9) | 883 (41.5) | 42 (43.3) | 1046 (38.2) | 85 (43.6) | 1929 (39.6) | ||||||
 Junior college |
13 (13.3) | 387 (18.2) | 12 (12.4) | 513 (18.7) | 25 (12.8) | 900 (18.5) | ||||||
 College diploma or above |
3 (3.1) | 223 (10.5) | 0(0) | 283 (10.3) | 3 (1.5) | 506 (10.4) | ||||||
| Mother's education level | 17.2 | <0.05 | 13.3 | <0.05 | 29.3 | <0.05 | ||||||
 Junior high school or below |
52 (53.1) | 823 (38.7) | 56 (57.7) | 1148 (41.9) | 108 (55.4) | 1971 (40.5) | ||||||
 Senior high school or equal |
39 (39.8) | 802 (37.7) | 33 (34.0) | 1032 (37.7) | 72 (36.9) | 1834 (37.7) | ||||||
 Junior college |
7 (7.1) | 334 (15.7) | 7 (7.2) | 395 (14.4) | 14 (7.2) | 729 (15.0) | ||||||
 College diploma or above |
0 (0) | 168 (7.9) | 1 (1.0) | 166 (6.1) | 1 (0.5) | 334 (6.9) | ||||||
| Learning habits | ||||||||||||
| Times of surfing internet per week | 4.6 | >0.05 | 0.5 | >0.05 | 3.2 | >0.05 | ||||||
| 1 time or less | 82 (83.7) | 1608 (75.6) | 68 (70.1) | 1871 (68.3) | 150 (76.9) | 3479 (71.5) | ||||||
| 2–4 times | 14 (14.3) | 413 (19.4) | 24 (24.7) | 700 (25.5) | 38 (19.5) | 1113 (22.9) | ||||||
| 5–6 times | 2 (2) | 54 (2.5) | 2 (2.1) | 90 (3.3) | 4 (2.1) | 144 (3) | ||||||
| 7 times or more | 2 (2) | 52 (2.4) | 3 (3.1) | 80 (2.9) | 3 (1.5) | 132 (2.7) | ||||||
| Hours of surfing per time | 1.4 | >0.05 | 0.9 | >0.05 | 1.4 | >0.05 | ||||||
| Less than an hour | 79 (80.6) | 1614 (75.9) | 60 (61.9) | 1722 (62.8) | 139 (71.3) | 3336 (68.5) | ||||||
| 1–2 hours | 16 (16.3) | 439 (20.6) | 28 (28.9) | 829 (30.2) | 44 (22.6) | 1268 (26.0) | ||||||
| 2–4 hours | 3 (3.1) | 6 8(3.2) | 8 (8.2) | 165 (6.0) | 11 (5.6) | 233 (4.8) | ||||||
| More than 4 hours | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.3) | 1 (1.0) | 2 5(0.9) | 1 (0.5) | 31 (0.6) | ||||||
| Parents' attitude to surfing internet | 1.5 | >0.05 | 16.7 | <0.05 | 13.9 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Ban internet access | 23 (23.5) | 403 (18.9) | 31 (32.0) | 459 (16.7) | 54 (27.7) | 862 (17.7) | ||||||
| Surf internet only during vacation | 28 (28.6) | 597 (28.1) | 30 (30.9) | 861 (31.4) | 58 (29.7) | 1458 (30.0) | ||||||
| Surf internet after school | 45 (45.9) | 1083 (50.9) | 34 (35.1) | 1362 (49.7) | 79 (40.5) | 2445 (50.2) | ||||||
| Up to the child | 2 (2.0) | 44 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 59 (2.2) | 4 (2.1) | 103 (2.1) | ||||||
| Scheduled time on watching TV and surfing internet | 7.7 | <0.05 | 16.3 | <0.05 | 20.6 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Yes, the child can execute | 57 (58.2) | 1403 (66.0) | 41 (42.3) | 1677 (61.2) | 98 (50.3) | 3080 (63.3) | ||||||
| No | 15 (15.3) | 385 (18.1) | 27 (27.8) | 603 (22.0) | 42 (21.5) | 988 (20.3) | ||||||
| Yes, the child can't execute | 26 (26.5) | 339 (15.9) | 29 (29.9) | 461 (16.8) | 55 (28.2) | 800 (16.4) | ||||||
| Hours on watching TV | 13.5 | <0.05 | 11.6 | <0.05 | 24.1 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Less than an hour | 41 (41.8) | 1044 (49.1) | 39 (40.2) | 1285 (46.9) | 80 (41.0) | 2329 (47.8) | ||||||
| 1–2 hours | 34 (34.7) | 840 (39.5) | 34 (35.1) | 1104 (40.3) | 68 (34.9) | 1944 (39.9) | ||||||
| 2–3 hours | 14 (14.3) | 162 (7.6) | 16 (16.5) | 233 (8.5) | 30 (15.4) | 39 (8.1) | ||||||
| More than 3 hours | 9 (9.2) | 81 (3.8) | 8 (8.2) | 119 (4.3) | 17 (8.7) | 200 (4.1) | ||||||
| Frequency of parents watching TV with child | 4.9 | >0.05 | 1.0 | >0.05 | 4.1 | >0.05 | ||||||
| Rarely | 18 (18.4) | 406 (19.1) | 22 (22.7) | 528 (19.3) | 40 (20.5) | 934 (19.2) | ||||||
| Sometimes | 68 (69.4) | 1274 (59.9) | 57 (58.8) | 1617 (59.0) | 125 (64.1) | 2891 (59.4) | ||||||
| Often | 12 (12.2) | 447 (21.0) | 18 (18.6) | 596 (21.7) | 30 (15.4) | 1043 (21.4) | ||||||
| Active learning | 90.3 | <0.05 | 101.4 | <0.05 | 194.2 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Yes | 8 (8.2) | 737 (34.6) | 10 (10.3) | 1104 (40.3) | 18 (9.2) | 1841 (37.8) | ||||||
| Sometimes | 50 (51.0) | 1162 (54.6) | 50 (51.5) | 1391 (50.7) | 100 (51.3) | 2553 (52.4) | ||||||
| Never | 40 (40.8) | 228 (10.7) | 37 (38.1) | 246 (9.0) | 77 (39.5) | 474 (9.7) | ||||||
| Home literacy environment | ||||||||||||
| Frequency of parents telling stories | 9.1 | <0.05 | 3.2 | >0.05 | 10.1 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Occasionally | 56 (57.1) | 999 (47.0) | 53 (54.6) | 1494 (54.5) | 109 (55.9) | 2493 (51.2) | ||||||
| Sometimes | 40 (40.8) | 896 (42.1) | 41 (42.3) | 1035 (37.8) | 81 (41.5) | 1931 (39.7) | ||||||
| Often | 2 (2.0) | 232 (10.9) | 3 (3.1) | 212 (7.7) | 5 (2.6) | 444 (9.1) | ||||||
| How about parents encourage the child to read book extra-curricular | 8.5 | <0.05 | 4.2 | >0.05 | 12.6 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Occasionally | 16 (16.3) | 192 (9.0) | 13 (13.4) | 246 (9.0) | 29 (14.9) | 438 (9.0) | ||||||
| Sometimes | 31 (31.6) | 564 (26.5) | 27 (27.8) | 630 (23.0) | 58 (29.7) | 1194 (24.5) | ||||||
| Often | 51 (52.0) | 1371 (64.5) | 57 (58.8) | 1865 (68.0) | 108 (55.4) | 3236 (66.5) | ||||||
| Frequency of parents buying the books child was interested in | 11.7 | <0.05 | 7.8 | >0.05 | 18.6 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Occasionally | 26 (26.5) | 337 (15.8) | 25 (25.8) | 489 (17.8) | 51 (26.2) | 826 (17.0) | ||||||
| Sometimes | 46 (46.9) | 920 (43.3) | 47 (48.5) | 1194 (43.6) | 93 (47.7) | 2114 (43.4) | ||||||
| Often | 26 (26.5) | 870 (40.9) | 25 (25.8) | 1058 (38.6) | 51 (26.2) | 1928 (39.6) | ||||||
| Frequency of parents buying new books | 9.5 | <0.05 | 7.2 | >0.05 | 12.8 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Per week | 0 (0.0) | 48 (2.3) | 2 (2.1) | 92 (3.4) | 2 (1.0) | 140 (2.9) | ||||||
| Per month | 4 (4.1) | 258 (12.1) | 7 (7.2) | 339 (12.4) | 11 (5.6) | 597 (12.3) | ||||||
| Per term | 13 (13.3) | 320 (15.0) | 19 (19.6) | 414 (15.1) | 32 (16.4) | 734 (15.1) | ||||||
| Every year | 1 (1.0) | 16 (0.8) | 3 (3.1) | 29 (1.1) | 4 (2.1) | 45 (0.9) | ||||||
| Irregularly scheduled, buy when needed | 80 (81.6) | 1485 (69.8) | 66 (68.0) | 1867 (68.1) | 146 (74.9) | 3352 (68.9) | ||||||
| Frequency of parents' reading | 2.9 | >0.05 | 10.9 | <0.05 | 12 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Every day | 18 (18.4) | 534 (25.1) | 18 (18.6) | 751 (27.4) | 36 (18.5) | 1285 (26.4) | ||||||
| Every week | 50 (51.0) | 1059 (49.8) | 41 (42.3) | 1310 (47.8) | 91 (46.7) | 2369 (48.7) | ||||||
| Every month | 30 (30.6) | 534 (25.1) | 38 (39.2) | 680 (24.8) | 68 (34.9) | 1214 (24.9) | ||||||
| Scheduled reading time | 21.6 | <0.05 | 17.8 | <0.05 | 41.2 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Yes | 13 (13.3) | 770 (36.2) | 26 (26.8) | 1331 (48.6) | 39 (20.0) | 2101 (43.2) | ||||||
| No | 85 (86.7) | 1357 (63.8) | 71 (73.2) | 1410 (51.4) | 156 (80.0) | 2767 (56.8) | ||||||
| Expenses of buying books for child every year | 8.7 | <0.05 | 10.5 | <0.05 | 16.6 | <0.05 | ||||||
| Less than 150 Yuan | 55 (56.1) | 962 (45.2) | 59 (60.8) | 1234 (45.0) | 114 (58.5) | 2196 (45.1) | ||||||
| 150–300 Yuan | 28 (28.6) | 871 (40.9) | 28 (28.9) | 1032 (37.7) | 56 (28.7) | 1903 (39.1) | ||||||
| 300–500 Yuan | 14(14.3) | 225 (10.6) | 9 (9.3) | 354 (12.9) | 23 (11.8) | 579 (11.9) | ||||||
| More than 500 Yuan | 1 (1.0) | 69 (3.2) | 1 (1.0) | 121 (4.4) | 2 (1.0) | 190 (3.9) | ||||||
a
Age was represented as mean ± standard deviation, P value was calculated by the t test.
b
BMI was represented as mean ± standard deviation, P value was calculated by the t test.