. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychooncology. 2012 Oct 12;22(8):1731–1737. doi: 10.1002/pon.3202

Table 3.

Differences in Academic Achievement Deficits as a Function of Age at Brain Tumor Diagnosis, Treatment, and Time Since Treatment Completion

	WRAT Reading discrepancy^a				WRAT Spelling discrepancy^a				WRAT Arithmetic discrepancy^a
	M	SD	t^b	d^c	M	SD	t^b	d^c	M	SD	t^b	d^c
Chemotherapy
No (n = 91)	−1.92	16.34	2.57^**	.41	−3.15	16.81	1.35	.21	−4.19	17.85	2.18^*	.35
Yes (n = 69)	−9.06	18.74	2.57^**	.41	−7.09	20.01	1.35	.21	−10.49	18.56	2.18^*	.35

Whole Brain Radiation

No (n = 119)	−2.86	16.51	2.58^**	.46	−3.98	17.30	1.24	.22	−4.37	18.50	3.51^***	.71
Yes (n = 35)	−11.60	21.06	2.58^**	.46	−8.40	22.03	1.24	.22	−16.46	15.63	3.51^***	.71

Focal Radiation

No (n = 99)	−4.30	16.85	0.52	0.09	−4.28	18.30	0.53	0.09	−5.88	17.96	1.09	.18
Yes (n = 56)	−5.88	19.73	0.52	0.09	−5.93	18.93	0.53	0.09	−9.23	19.38	1.09	.18

	r				r				r

Age at Diagnosis	.23^**				.18^*				.00

Time since treatment	−.04				−.07				.02

p ≤.05;

^**

p ≤.01;

^***

p ≤.001

Difference between age-referenced standard scores on the Wide Range Achievement Test for each survivor-control (e.g., Reading_BT-Reading_CC)

Two-tailed independent group t-tests

Cohen’s d estimating effect size assuming independent groups [30].