Table 3.

Differences-in-differences models of state breastfeeding laws for workplace provisions^* on (a) breastfeeding initiation (N=326,260) and (b) breastfeeding for at least 4 weeks (N=319,431)

	Model 1†	Model 2†	Model 3†	Model 4†
	Coefficient (95% CI)	Coefficient (95% CI)	Coefficient (95% CI)	Coefficient (95% CI)
(a) Breastfeeding initiation
Employment policy	0.017 (0.00, 0.03)	0.010 (−0.01, 0.03)	0.020 (−0.00, 0.04)	−0.002 (−0.03, 0.03)
Policy* Race/ethnicity
White		0.0 (ref)
Hispanic		0.048 (0.01, 0.09)
Black		−0.019 (−0.07, 0.03)
Other		0.001 (−0.06, 0.06)
Policy* Education
0–11 years			0.0 (ref)
12 years			−0.002 (−0.03, 0.02)
13–15 years			−0.004 (−0.04, 0.03)
16+ years			−0.003 (−0.04, 0.03)
Policy* Age
<17–19 years				0.0 (ref)
20–24 years				0.017 (−0.00, 0.04)
25–29 years				0.018 (−0.01, 0.05)
30–34 years				0.023 (−0.01, 0.06)
35+ years				0.030 (−0.00, 0.06)
(b) Breastfeeding for at least 4 weeks
Employment policy	0.008 (−0.00, 0.02)	−0.005 (−0.02, 0.01)	0.014 (−0.01, 0.03)	−0.015 (−0.03, 0.00)
Policy* Race/ethnicity
White		0.0 (ref)
Hispanic		0.062 (0.01, 0.12)
Black		−0.00 (−0.04, 0.04)
Other		0.019 (−0.07, 0.11)
Policy* Education
0–11 years			0.0 (ref)
12 years			−0.002 (−0.03, 0.02)
13–15 years			−0.018 (−0.04, 0.01)
16+ years			−0.003 (−0.04, 0.03)
Policy* Age
<17–19 years				0.0 (ref)
20–24 years				0.024 (0.00, 0.04)
25–29 years				0.016 (−0.02, 0.05)
30–34 years				0.029 (0.00, 0.06)
35+ years				0.042 (0.02, 0.06)

^*7/32 states had new laws for workplace provisions: Colorado, Illinois, New York, New York City, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island

^†Models adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, education, age, marital status, previous births, WIC status, multiple births; models included analysis weights and year and state fixed effects