Table 4.

Differences-in-differences models of state breastfeeding laws for location policies^* on (a) breastfeeding initiation (N=326,260) and (b) breastfeeding for at least 4 weeks (N=319,431)

	Model 1†	Model 2†	Model 3†	Model 4†
	Coefficient (95% CI)	Coefficient (95% CI)	Coefficient (95% CI)	Coefficient (95% CI)
(a) Breastfeeding initiation
Location policy	0.008 (−0.00, 0.02)	−0.004 (−0.02, 0.01)	0.038 (0.01, 0.06)	0.019 (−0.01, 0.05)
Policy* Race/ethnicity
White		0.0 (ref)
Hispanic		0.012 (−0.04, 0.06)
Black		0.060 (0.01, 0.11)
Other		−0.003 (−0.06, 0.05)
Policy* Education
0–11 years			0.0 (ref)
12 years			−0.014 (−0.03, 0.01)
13–15 years			−0.039 (−0.07, −0.01)
16+ years			−0.060 (−0.11, −0.01)
Policy* Age
<17–19 years				0.0 (ref)
20–24 years				0.005 (−0.03, 0.04)
25–29 years				−0.015 (−0.06, 0.02)
30–34 years				−0.023 (−0.07, 0.02)
35+ years				−0.021 (−0.06, 0.02)
(b) Breastfeeding for at least 4 weeks
Location policy	0.00 (−0.01, 0.01)	−0.012 (−0.03, 0.01)	0.025 (0.00, 0.05)	0.002 (−0.02, 0.03)
Policy* Race/ethnicity
White		0.0 (ref)
Hispanic		0.016 (−0.04, 0.08)
Black		0.056 (0.02, 0.10)
Other		−0.001 (−0.06, 0.06)
Policy* Education
0–11 years			0.0 (ref)
12 years			−0.009 (−0.04, 0.02)
13–15 years			−0.033 (−0.06, −0.01)
16+ years			−0.053 (−0.09, −0.02)
Policy* Age
<17–19 years				0.0 (ref)
20–24 years				0.012 (−0.02, 0.04)
25–29 years				0.001 (−0.03, 0.03)
30–34 years				−0.015 (−0.05, 0.02)
35+ years				−0.015 (−0.05, 0.02)

^*11/32 states had new laws for breastfeeding in any location: Arkansas, Colorado, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Maine, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, Wyoming

^†Models adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, education, age, marital status, previous births, WIC status, multiple births; models included analysis weights and year and state fixed effects