Table 2.

Studies documenting the proximate causes of declines in abundance due to anthropogenic climatic change.

species	location	hypothesized proximate cause of decline	reference
aloe tree (Aloe dichotoma)	Namib desert	desiccation stress owing to decreasing precipitation	[28]
four species of amphibians	Yellowstone National Park, USA	increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation cause a decline in habitat availability (pond drying)	[29]
plover (Pluvialis apricaria)	United Kingdom	high summer temperatures reduce abundance of craneflies (prey)	[69]
eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)	Baltic Sea	oxygen limitation at high temperatures	[24]
frogs (genus Atelopus)	Central and South America	climate change facilitates spread of pathogen (chytrid fungus)	[70]
grey jay (Perisoreus canadensis)	Ontario, Canada	warm autumns cause rotting in hoarded food, compromising overwinter survival and breeding success in the following year	[71]
Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus)	California, USA	changes in upwelling timing and strength lower both adult survival and breeding success by changing food availability	[72]