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. 2013 Jan 7;280(1750):20122112. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2112

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Effect of invasion on the variation of the specialization index (d′) proposed by Blüthgen et al. [35] for native and alien plants. Positive bars indicate an increase in d′ with invasion, while negative bars represent a decrease. Grey columns indicate native plants; black columns indicate changes in alien plants.