Effects of pSer247Pro, p.Asp417Ala, and p.Gln426Leu mutations on filament assembly in transfected SW13vim− cells. DAPI staining in A, C, and D indicates the position of nuclei. A. Transfection with the wild type GFAP expression vector. A normal filamentous assembly pattern is seen, consisting of a fine network with or without diffuse background in ~90% of cells. B. Transfection with vectors expressing p.Ser247Pro (B), p.Asp417Ala (C), or p.GlnP.GLN426LEUeu (D), each producing ring-like filaments on a background of diffuse staining. The inset in panel B shows results for co-transfection with an equal amount of wild type GFAP expression vector, demonstrating the dominant effect of the mutation.